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Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

LLM-based chatbot agents increasingly process user requests by combining natural-language reasoning with external tools such as web browsing. These capabilities improve usability, but they also create attack surfaces when untrusted external…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Hongjang Yang , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

The prompt-based learning paradigm, which bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, achieves state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, prompt-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Shuai Zhao , Jinming Wen , Luu Anh Tuan , Junbo Zhao , Jie Fu

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into a wide range of applications has highlighted the critical role of well-crafted system prompts, which require extensive testing and domain expertise. These prompts enhance task performance…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Zhixiong Zhuang , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Hui-Po Wang , Mario Fritz

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for optimizing large language models (LLMs) for specific applications, enabling faster prototyping and improved performance, and giving rise to the interest of the community in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Roman Levin , Valeriia Cherepanova , Abhimanyu Hans , Avi Schwarzschild , Tom Goldstein

Despite their growing adoption across domains, large language model (LLM)-powered agents face significant security risks from backdoor attacks during training and fine-tuning. These compromised agents can subsequently be manipulated to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Li Changjiang , Liang Jiacheng , Cao Bochuan , Chen Jinghui , Wang Ting

Although the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enterprise settings brings new opportunities and capabilities, it also brings challenges, such as the risk of generating inappropriate, biased, or misleading content that violates…

The jailbreak attack can bypass the safety measures of a Large Language Model (LLM), generating harmful content. This misuse of LLM has led to negative societal consequences. Currently, there are two main approaches to address jailbreak…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Zezhong Wang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Hongru Wang , Liang Chen , Qingwei Lin , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly integrated into critical systems, leveraging external tools to interact with the real world. However, this capability exposes them to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI), where attackers embed…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Guangyu Gong , Zizhuang Deng

The ongoing intense discussion on rising LLM usage in the scientific peer-review process has recently been mingled by reports of authors using hidden prompt injections to manipulate review scores. Since the existence of such "attacks" -…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Janis Keuper

The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in cross-modal understanding and generation, yet their deployment is threatened by critical safety vulnerabilities. While prior works have demonstrated the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Kun Wang , Cheng Qian , Miao Yu , Lilan Peng , Liang Lin , Jiaming Zhang , Tianyu Zhang , Yu Cheng , Yang Wang

Large language models are increasingly embedded into systems that interact with user data, retrieved web content, and external tools, creating a new attack surface: prompt injection, where malicious commands embedded in untrusted data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Yuyang Gong , Zihao Wang , Jiawei Liu , XiaoFeng Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

With the integration of an additional modality, large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit greater vulnerability to safety risks (e.g., jailbreaking) compared to their language-only predecessors. Although recent studies have devoted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Ziwei Zheng , Junyao Zhao , Le Yang , Lijun He , Fan Li

LLM-based NLP systems typically work by embedding their input data into prompt templates which contain instructions and/or in-context examples, creating queries which are submitted to a LLM, and then parsing the LLM response in order to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Zhifan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a dominant approach for a wide range of NLP tasks, with their access to external information further enhancing their capabilities. However, this introduces new vulnerabilities, known as prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Ruiyi Zhang , David Sullivan , Kyle Jackson , Pengtao Xie , Mei Chen

Large language models have gained widespread prominence, yet their vulnerability to prompt injection and other adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. This paper argues for a security-by-design AI paradigm that proactively mitigates…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Dalal Alharthi , Ivan Roberto Kawaminami Garcia

LLM agents are evolving rapidly, powered by code execution, tools, and the recently introduced agent skills feature. Skills allow users to extend LLM applications with specialized third-party code, knowledge, and instructions. Although this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 David Schmotz , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Sahar Abdelnabi , Maksym Andriushchenko

Batch prompting, which combines a batch of multiple queries sharing the same context in one inference, has emerged as a promising solution to reduce inference costs. However, our study reveals a significant security vulnerability in batch…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Murong Yue , Ziyu Yao
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