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The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture is an important method for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs). It increases model capacity while keeping computation cost low. However, the ultra-large MoE models still have hundreds of billions…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Yixiao Chen , Yanyue Xie , Ruining Yang , Wei Jiang , Wei Wang , Yong He , Yue Chen , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable performance by activating large parameter sets sparsely, minimizing computational overhead. To mitigate the prohibitive cost of training MoEs from scratch, recent work employs upcycling,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Qi Wang , Hanyang Peng , Yue Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models reduce per-token computation but still require storing and serving all experts, making deployment memory-intensive. Existing post-training compression methods mainly shrink this cost by pruning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yilun Yao , Jiaming Pan , Elsie Dai , Peizhuang Cong , Yaoming Li , Tong Yang

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures used in large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks yet face practical challenges such as deployment complexity and low activation efficiency. Expert pruning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Xican Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a dominant architecture for scaling large language models (LLMs). However, the execution characteristics of MoE inference are changing rapidly and increasingly mismatch the assumptions underlying existing…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Jungwoo Kim , Rubens Lacouture , Genghan Zhang , Gina Sohn , Qizheng Zhang , Swapnil Gandhi , Christos Kozyrakis , Kunle Olukotun

Training large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models typically requires high-memory, high-bandwidth GPUs (e.g., A100), and their high cost has become a major barrier to large-model training. In contrast, affordable hardware is low-cost but…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Xin Ye , Daning Cheng , Boyang Zhang , Yunquan Zhang

In cross-border e-commerce, search relevance modeling faces the dual challenge of extreme linguistic diversity and fine-grained semantic nuances. Existing approaches typically rely on scaling up a single monolithic Large Language Model…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Ye Liu , Xu Chen , Wuji Chen , Mang Li

Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials (MLIPs) enable accurate large-scale atomistic simulations, yet improving their expressive capacity efficiently remains challenging. Here we systematically develop Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) and…

化学物理 · 物理学 2026-03-13 Yuzhi Liu , Duo Zhang , Anyang Peng , Weinan E , Linfeng Zhang , Han Wang

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved astonishing successes in many domains, especially with the recent breakthroughs in the development of foundational large models. These large models, leveraging their extensive training data, provide…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Siyuan Mu , Sen Lin

The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li

In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic expert selection framework for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and model performance by adjusting the number of activated experts based on input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-13 Quzhe Huang , Zhenwei An , Nan Zhuang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Songfang Huang , Yansong Feng

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) while maintaining inference efficiency. However, their enormous memory requirements make them prohibitively expensive to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Zichong Li , Chen Liang , Zixuan Zhang , Ilgee Hong , Young Jin Kim , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

In recent years, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the capacity of deep neural network (DNN) with sub-linear computational costs. However, storing all experts on GPUs incurs significant memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Suraiya Tairin , Shohaib Mahmud , Haiying Shen , Anand Iyer

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a mainstream architecture for building Large Language Models (LLMs) by reducing per-token computation while enabling model scaling. It can be viewed as partitioning a large Feed-Forward Network (FFN) at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Weilin Cai , Le Qin , Shwai He , Junwei Cui , Ang Li , Jiayi Huang

The sparsely activated mixture of experts (MoE) model presents a promising alternative to traditional densely activated (dense) models, enhancing both quality and computational efficiency. However, training MoE models from scratch demands…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Xingkui Zhu , Yiran Guan , Dingkang Liang , Yuchao Chen , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers activate a subset of model weights, dubbed experts, to improve model performance. MoE is particularly promising for deployment on process-in-memory (PIM) architectures, because PIM can naturally fit experts…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Hanyuan Gao , Xiaoxuan Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the computational overhead of Transformer architectures by sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token while preserving high model capacity. This paradigm…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Dohwan Ko , Jinyoung Park , Seoung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Seohyun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has demonstrated promising potential in scaling LLMs. However, it is hindered by two critical challenges: (1) substantial GPU memory consumption to load all experts; (2) low activated parameters cannot be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Yuanteng Chen , Yuantian Shao , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng