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Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs) are usually trained with supervised imitation or coarse-grained reinforcement learning that optimizes single tool calls. Current self-reflection practices rely on heuristic prompts or one-way…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Junhao Su , Yuanliang Wan , Junwei Yang , Hengyu Shi , Tianyang Han , Junfeng Luo , Yurui Qiu

In today's complex industrial environments, operators must often navigate through extensive technical manuals to identify troubleshooting procedures that may help react to some observed failure symptoms. These manuals, written in natural…

In real-world software engineering tasks, solving a problem often requires understanding and modifying multiple functions, classes, and files across a large codebase. Therefore, on the repository level, it is crucial to extract the relevant…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Jicheng Wang , Yifeng He , Hao Chen

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Tool invocation is a core capability of agentic systems, yet failures often arise not from individual tool calls but from how multiple tools are organized and executed together. Existing approaches tightly couple tool execution with…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Tao Zhe , Haoyu Wang , Bo Luo , Min Wu , Wei Fan , Xiao Luo , Zijun Yao , Haifeng Chen , Dongjie Wang

User comments on online programming platforms such as Stack Overflow play a vital role in maintaining the correctness and relevance of shared code examples. However, the majority of comments express gratitude or clarification, while only a…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Mehedi Hasan Shanto , Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Alioune Ngom

In many applications, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) drives tool use and function calling by embedding the (user) queries and matching them to pre-specified tool/function descriptions. In this paper, we address an embedding…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Yu Pan , Xiaocheng Li , Hanzhao Wang

Despite remarkable advances in Large Language Model capabilities, tool retrieval for agent-based systems remains fundamentally limited by reliance on semantic similarity, which fails to capture functional viability. Current methods often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Zongze Wu , Yani Guo , Churong Liang , Runnan Li

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled Large Language Models to answer financial questions using external knowledge bases of U.S. SEC filings, earnings reports, and regulatory documents. However, existing…

The ability to use tools is fundamental for large language model (LLM) agents. Given a task, existing systems use LLMs to plan and generate tool calls, which are executed by real-world tools to complete the task. However, tool calls are…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Zeyu Zhang , Guohao Li , Zhenchang Xing , Alexandros Apostolopoulos , Yu Lin Lee , Liang Zheng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising method for addressing some of the memory-related challenges associated with Large Language Models (LLMs). Two separate systems form the RAG pipeline, the retriever and the reader, and the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-13 Alexandria Leto , Cecilia Aguerrebere , Ishwar Bhati , Ted Willke , Mariano Tepper , Vy Ai Vo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful technique for enriching Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, allowing for factually grounded responses, a critical requirement in high-stakes domains such as healthcare.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Eduardo Martínez Rivera , Filippo Menolascina

Reinforcement learning-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most rely only on final-answer rewards, overlooking intermediate reasoning quality. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jie He , Victor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Reflection in Kotlin is a powerful mechanism to introspect program behavior during its execution at run-time. However, among the variety of practical tasks involving reflection, there are scenarios when the poor performance of run-time…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-02-16 Anastasiia Birillo , Elena Lyulina , Maria Malysheva , Vladislav Tankov , Timofey Bryksin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines have become the de-facto approach for building AI assistants with access to external, domain-specific knowledge. Given a user query, RAG pipelines typically first retrieve (R) relevant…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Quentin Romero Lauro , Shreya Shankar , Sepanta Zeighami , Aditya Parameswaran

Advanced large language model agents typically adopt self-reflection for improving performance, where agents iteratively analyze past actions to correct errors. However, existing reflective approaches are inherently retrospective: agents…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Hanyu Wang , Yuanpu Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

Code completion, a crucial task in software engineering that enhances developer productivity, has seen substantial improvements with the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs). In recent years, retrieval-augmented generation…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Zezhou Yang , Ting Peng , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to interact with external environments (e.g., games, compilers, APIs) as goal-driven agents. However, it remains challenging for these language agents to quickly and efficiently learn…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Noah Shinn , Federico Cassano , Edward Berman , Ashwin Gopinath , Karthik Narasimhan , Shunyu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of natural language understanding and generation. But they face challenges such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. Fine-tuning is one possible solution, but it is resource-intensive and must be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Shadman Sobhan , Mohammad Ariful Haque

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in interactive decision-making tasks, but existing methods often struggle with error accumulation and lack robust self-correction mechanisms. We introduce "Reflect…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Qiuhai Zeng , Sarvesh Rajkumar , Di Wang , Narendra Gyanchandani , Wenbo Yan
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