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LLM agents must select tools from large API libraries and order them correctly. Existing methods use semantic similarity for both retrieval and ordering, but ordering depends on inter-tool data dependencies that are absent from tool…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Hao Liu , Dongyu Li

Effort estimation is a crucial activity in agile software development, where teams collaboratively review, discuss, and estimate the effort required to complete user stories in a product backlog. Current practices in agile effort estimation…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Thanh-Long Bui , Hoa Khanh Dam , Rashina Hoda

The advances made by Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the pursuit of LLM agents that can solve intricate, multi-step reasoning tasks. As with any research pursuit, benchmarking and evaluation are key corner stones to efficient and…

As large language models (LLMs) advance, their inability to autonomously execute tasks by directly interacting with external tools remains a critical limitation. Traditional methods rely on inputting tool descriptions as context, which is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Renxi Wang , Xudong Han , Lei Ji , Shu Wang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress in natural language processing, but their limited ability to retain long-term context constrains performance on document-level or multi-turn tasks. Retrieval-Augmented…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Zhangyu Wang , Siyuan Gao , Rong Zhou , Hao Wang , Li Ning

Recent deep research agents primarily improve performance by scaling reasoning depth, but this leads to high inference cost and latency in search-intensive scenarios. Moreover, generalization across heterogeneous research settings remains…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly use external tools for complex tasks and rely on embedding-based retrieval to select a small top-k subset for reasoning. As these systems scale, the robustness of this retrieval stage is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Hussein Jawad , Nicolas J-B Brunel

Translating natural language into Jira Query Language (JQL) requires resolving ambiguous field references, instance-specific categorical values, and complex Boolean predicates. Single-pass LLMs cannot discover which categorical values…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Vishnu Murali , Anmol Gulati , Elias Lumer , Kevin Frank , Sindy Campagna , Vamse Kumar Subbiah

Recent advances in large language models and tool-using agents have expanded the range of benchmarked web tasks. Yet an important class of specialized retrieval tasks remains undercharacterized. On many specialized data-retrieval websites,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Ningyuan Li , Haiyang Shen , Mugeng Liu , Yudong Han , Zhuofan Shi , Sixiong Xie , Yun Ma

Large Language Model (LLM) integrations into applications like Microsoft365 suite and Google Workspace for creating/processing documents, emails, presentations, etc. has led to considerable enhancements in productivity and time savings. But…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Reshmi Ghosh , Tianyi Yao , Lizzy Chen , Sadid Hasan , Tianwei Chen , Dario Bernal , Huitian Jiao , H M Sajjad Hossain

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a way to complement the in-context knowledge of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external documents. However, real-world applications demand not only accuracy but also…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Kazuki Hayashi , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Shinya Kouda , Taro Watanabe

Generative AI agents, software systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), are emerging as a promising approach to automate cybersecurity tasks. Among the others, penetration testing is a challenging field due to the task complexity…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Luca Gioacchini , Marco Mellia , Idilio Drago , Alexander Delsanto , Giuseppe Siracusano , Roberto Bifulco

Event argument extraction identifies arguments for predefined event roles in text. Existing work evaluates this task with exact match (EM), where predicted arguments must align exactly with annotated spans. While suitable for span-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Omar Sharif , Joseph Gatto , Madhusudan Basak , Sarah M. Preum

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Tianhang Zhang , Zanwei Shen , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to interact with external environments (e.g., games, compilers, APIs) as goal-driven agents. However, it remains challenging for these language agents to quickly and efficiently learn…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-11 Noah Shinn , Federico Cassano , Edward Berman , Ashwin Gopinath , Karthik Narasimhan , Shunyu Yao

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of AI-driven agents across various tasks. However, existing agentic systems, whether based on fixed pipeline algorithms or pre-defined…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Xunjian Yin , Xinyi Wang , Liangming Pan , Li Lin , Xiaojun Wan , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance their problem-solving capability by utilizing external tools. However, in open-world scenarios with massive and evolving tool repositories, existing methods relying on static embedding retrieval or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Shouzheng Huang , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

The development of agents powered by large language models (LLMs) to accomplish complex high-level user intents, has attracted significant attention recently. However, employing LLMs with billions of parameters (e.g., GPT-4) may incur…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Moghis Fereidouni , Adib Mosharrof , A. B. Siddique

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced conversational Artificial Intelligence(AI) chatbots; however, domain-specific accuracy and the avoidance of factual inconsistencies remain pressing challenges, particularly for large…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Olalekan K. Akindele , Bhupesh Kumar Mishra , Kenneth Y. Wertheim

Large language models (LLMs) face significant token efficiency bottlenecks in code generation and logical reasoning tasks, a challenge that directly impacts inference cost and model interpretability. This paper proposes a formal framework…