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Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization technique designed to improve generalization by favoring flatter loss minima. To achieve this, SAM optimizes a modified objective that penalizes sharpness, using computationally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Nalin Tiwary , Siddarth Aananth

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been demonstrated to improve the generalization performance of overparameterized models by seeking flat minima on the loss landscape through optimizing model parameters that incur the largest loss…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Tian Li , Tianyi Zhou , Jeffrey A. Bilmes

Recently, flat minima are proven to be effective for improving generalization and sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) achieves state-of-the-art performance. Yet the current definition of flatness discussed in SAM and its follow-ups are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-07 Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Han Yu , Hao Zou , Peng Cui

Deep learning models, despite their impressive achievements, suffer from high computational costs and memory requirements, limiting their usability in resource-constrained environments. Sparse neural networks significantly alleviate these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Jie Ji , Gen Li , Kaiyuan Deng , Fatemeh Afghah , Xiaolong Ma

In today's heavily overparameterized models, the value of the training loss provides few guarantees on model generalization ability. Indeed, optimizing only the training loss value, as is commonly done, can easily lead to suboptimal model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-30 Pierre Foret , Ariel Kleiner , Hossein Mobahi , Behnam Neyshabur

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimizer that takes a descent step based on the gradient at a perturbation $y_t = x_t + \rho \frac{\nabla f(x_t)}{\lVert \nabla f(x_t) \rVert}$ of the current point $x_t$. Existing studies prove…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Dongkuk Si , Chulhee Yun

We consider the problem of minimizing a high-dimensional objective function, which may include a regularization term, using (possibly noisy) evaluations of the function. Such optimization is also called derivative-free, zeroth-order, or…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2023-03-20 HanQin Cai , Daniel Mckenzie , Wotao Yin , Zhenliang Zhang

Targeting solutions over `flat' regions of the loss landscape, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool to improve generalizability of deep neural network based learning. While several SAM variants have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Recently, there has been a surge in interest in developing optimization algorithms for overparameterized models as achieving generalization is believed to require algorithms with suitable biases. This interest centers on minimizing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Behrooz Tahmasebi , Ashkan Soleymani , Dara Bahri , Stefanie Jegelka , Patrick Jaillet

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization method that improves generalization performance of machine learning models. Despite its superior generalization, SAM has not been actively used in real-world applications due to its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Junhyuk Jo , Jihyun Lim , Sunwoo Lee

We consider Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), a gradient-based optimization method for deep networks that has exhibited performance improvements on image and language prediction problems. We show that when SAM is applied with a convex…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-12 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Olivier Bousquet

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) improves generalization by minimizing the worst-case loss within a fixed parameter-space radius neighborhood. SAM and its variants mainly rely on a first-order linearized surrogate, while flat minima are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Jinping Wang , Qinhan Liu , Zhiwu Xie , Zhiqiang Gao

We propose a novel zeroth-order optimization algorithm based on an efficient sampling strategy. Under mild global regularity conditions on the objective function, we establish non-asymptotic convergence rates for the proposed method.…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-09-24 Xicheng Zhang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising alternative optimizer to stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The originally-proposed motivation behind SAM was to bias neural networks towards flatter minima that are believed to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Jacob Mitchell Springer , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Aditi Raghunathan

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recent training method that relies on worst-case weight perturbations which significantly improves generalization in various settings. We argue that the existing justifications for the success of SAM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-14 Maksym Andriushchenko , Nicolas Flammarion

Pretraining optimizers are tuned to produce the strongest possible base model, on the assumption that a stronger starting point yields a stronger model after subsequent changes like post-training and quantization. This overlooks the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ishaan Watts , Catherine Li , Sachin Goyal , Jacob Mitchell Springer , Aditi Raghunathan

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM), which searches for flat minima by min-max optimization, has been shown to be useful in improving model generalization. However, since each SAM update requires computing two gradients, its computational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-01 Weisen Jiang , Hansi Yang , Yu Zhang , James Kwok

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is a subset of gradient-free optimization that emerges in many signal processing and machine learning applications. It is used for solving optimization problems similarly to gradient-based methods. However, it…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Bhavya Kailkhura , Gaoyuan Zhang , Alfred Hero , Pramod K. Varshney

Zeroth-order methods are extensively used in machine learning applications where gradients are infeasible or expensive to compute, such as black-box attacks, reinforcement learning, and language model fine-tuning. Existing optimization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Liang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Kiran Koshy Thekumparampil , Sewoong Oh , Michael Muehlebach , Niao He

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recently proposed gradient-based optimizer (Foret et al., ICLR 2021) that greatly improves the prediction performance of deep neural networks. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Yan Dai , Kwangjun Ahn , Suvrit Sra
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