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Mixture of experts (MoE) is a popular technique to improve capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with conditionally-activated parallel experts. However, serving MoE models on memory-constrained devices is challenging due to the large…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Rui Kong , Yuanchun Li , Qingtian Feng , Weijun Wang , Xiaozhou Ye , Ye Ouyang , Linghe Kong , Yunxin Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models substantially improve performance by increasing the capacity of dense architectures. However, directly training MoE models requires considerable computational resources and introduces extra overhead in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Jiacheng Ruan , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Tong Zhu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yu Cheng , Suncheng Xiang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Transformer, the backbone architecture of multiple phenomenal language models, leverages sparsity by activating only a fraction of model parameters for each input token. The sparse structure, while allowing constant…

LoRA has gained widespread acceptance in the fine-tuning of large pre-trained models to cater to a diverse array of downstream tasks, showcasing notable effectiveness and efficiency, thereby solidifying its position as one of the most…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are among the top-performing architectures. The largest models, often with hundreds of billions of parameters, pose significant memory challenges for deployment. Traditional approaches…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Saurav Jha , Maryam Hashemzadeh , Ali Saheb Pasand , Ali Parviz , Min-Joong Lee , Boris Knyazev

Large multimodal Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) effectively scale the model size to boost performance while maintaining fixed active parameters. However, previous works primarily utilized full-precision experts during sparse up-cycling. Despite…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Hongyu Wang , Jiayu Xu , Ruiping Wang , Yan Feng , Yitao Zhai , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Xilin Chen

In parameter-efficient fine-tuning, mixture-of-experts (MoE), which involves specializing functionalities into different experts and sparsely activating them appropriately, has been widely adopted as a promising approach to trade-off…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Jinyuan Feng , Chaopeng Wei , Tenghai Qiu , Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu

Mixture of Experts (MoE) are successful models for modeling heterogeneous data in many statistical learning problems including regression, clustering and classification. Generally fitted by maximum likelihood estimation via the well-known…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-10-30 Faicel Chamroukhi , Bao-Tuyen Huynh

The mixture of experts (MoE) model is a sparse variant of large language models (LLMs), designed to hold a better balance between intelligent capability and computational overhead. Despite its benefits, MoE is still too expensive to deploy…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Haodong Wang , Qihua Zhou , Zicong Hong , Song Guo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) has become the key to unlocking unparalleled scalability in deep learning. SMoE has the potential to exponentially increase parameter count while maintaining the efficiency of the model by only activating a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Rachel S. Y. Teo , Tan M. Nguyen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity as a means of scaling the capacity of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining sparse activations and reduced per-token compute. However, in memory-constrained inference settings,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Vivan Madan , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele , Tom Goldstein , Ashwinee Panda

The advancement of deep learning has led to the emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) models, known for their dynamic allocation of computational resources based on input. Despite their promise, MoEs face challenges, particularly in terms…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Alexandre Muzio , Alex Sun , Churan He

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLM) have memory requirements that often exceed the GPU memory capacity, requiring costly parameter movement from secondary memories to the GPU for expert computation. In this work, we present…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Taehyun Kim , Kwanseok Choi , Youngmock Cho , Jaehoon Cho , Hyuk-Jae Lee , Jaewoong Sim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have become a dominant paradigm for scaling large language models, but their rapidly growing parameter sizes introduce a fundamental inefficiency during inference: most expert weights remain idle in GPU…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Qingxiu Liu , Cyril Y. He , Hanser Jiang , Zion Wang , Alan Zhao , Patrick P. C. Lee

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the rising computational costs of large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating parameters. However, its high memory requirements and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Jehyeon Bang , Eunyeong Cho , Ranggi Hwang , Jinha Chung , Minsoo Rhu

The sparsely activated mixture of experts (MoE) model presents a promising alternative to traditional densely activated (dense) models, enhancing both quality and computational efficiency. However, training MoE models from scratch demands…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Xingkui Zhu , Yiran Guan , Dingkang Liang , Yuchao Chen , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) presents a naturally compatible and scalable framework for multimodal learning, demonstrating strong adaptability across diverse modalities and tasks. Despite its growing success, a comprehensive and systematic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Liangwei Nathan Zheng , Wei Emma Zhang , Olaf Maennel , Lin Yue , Weitong Chen

In the era of large language models, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a promising architecture for managing computational costs when scaling up model parameters. However, conventional MoE architectures like GShard, which activate the top-$K$ out…