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Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited over anonymized connections by analyzing patterns in network traffic flows, such as packet sizes, directions, or interval times using a machine learning classifier. Previous…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-30 Chuxu Song , Zining Fan , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks on Tor can infer user destinations from encrypted traffic metadata. However, their real-world effectiveness remains debated due to laboratory settings that fail to capture network fluctuations, evaluate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Mohammadhamed Shadbeh , Khashayar Khajavi , Tao Wang

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks, usually conducted with the help of a machine learning-based classifier, enable a network eavesdropper to pinpoint which web page a user is accessing through the inspection of traffic patterns. These…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Alexander Veicht , Cedric Renggli , Diogo Barradas

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks raise major concerns about users' privacy. They employ Machine Learning (ML) to allow a local passive adversary to uncover the Web browsing behavior of a user, even if she browses through an encrypted…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-12-08 Giovanni Cherubin

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks aim to infer which websites a user is visiting by analyzing traffic patterns, thereby compromising user anonymity. Although this technique has been demonstrated to be effective in controlled experimental…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Yali Yuan , Weiyi Zou , Guang Cheng

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a dangerous attack on web privacy because it enables an adversary to predict the website a user is visiting, despite the use of encryption, VPNs, or anonymizing networks such as Tor. Previous WF work almost…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Rob Jansen , Ryan Wails , Aaron Johnson

Website fingerprinting attack (WFA) aims to deanonymize the website a user is visiting through anonymous networks channels (e.g., Tor). Despite of remarkable progress in the past years, most existing methods make implicitly a couple of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Mantun Chen , Yongxin Chen , Yongjun Wang , Peidai Xie , Shaojing Fu , Xiatian Zhu

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks are used by local passive attackers to determine the destination of encrypted internet traffic by comparing the sequences of packets sent to and received by the user to a previously recorded data set. As…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-09-23 James K Holland , Nicholas Hopper

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a well-know threat to users' web privacy. New internet standards, such as QUIC, include padding to support defenses against WF. Previous work only analyzes the effectiveness of defenses when users are behind a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-12-16 Sandra Siby , Ludovic Barman , Christopher Wood , Marwan Fayed , Nick Sullivan , Carmela Troncoso

Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-06-06 Shuai Li , Huajun Guo , Nicholas Hopper

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is an effective tool for regulating and governing the dark web. However, its performance can be significantly degraded by backdoor poisoning attacks in practical deployments. This paper aims to address the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yali Yuan , Kai Xu , Ruolin Ma , Yuchen Zhang

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is considered a major threat to the anonymity of Tor users (and other anonymity systems). While state-of-the-art WF techniques have claimed high attack accuracies, e.g., by leveraging Deep Neural Networks (DNN),…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-09-20 Alireza Bahramali , Ardavan Bozorgi , Amir Houmansadr

Website Fingerprinting (WFP) uses deep learning models to classify encrypted network traffic to infer visited websites. While historically effective, prior methods fail to generalize to modern web environments. Single-page applications…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Chuxu Song , Dheekshith Dev Manohar Mekala , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is a type of traffic analysis attack that enables a local passive eavesdropper to infer the victim's activity, even when the traffic is protected by a VPN or an anonymity system like Tor. Leveraging a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-15 Mohammad Saidur Rahman , Mohsen Imani , Nate Mathews , Matthew Wright

Website fingerprinting (WF) is a technique that allows an eavesdropper to determine the website a target user is accessing by inspecting the metadata associated with the packets she exchanges via some encrypted tunnel, e.g., Tor. Recent WF…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Michael Wrana , Uzma Maroof , Diogo Barradas

Website fingerprinting enables an eavesdropper to determine which websites a user is visiting over an encrypted connection. State-of-the-art website fingerprinting (WF) attacks have demonstrated effectiveness even against Tor-protected…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Xinhao Deng , Xiyuan Zhao , Qilei Yin , Zhuotao Liu , Qi Li , Mingwei Xu , Ke Xu , Jianping Wu

Website Fingerprinting (WF) aims to deanonymize users on the Tor network by analyzing encrypted network traffic. Recent deep-learning-based attacks show high accuracy on undefended traces. However, they struggle against modern defenses that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Jiajun Gong , Wei Cai , Siyuan Liang , Zhong Guan , Tao Wang , Ee-Chien Chang

Tor is a low-latency anonymous communication network that protects user privacy by encrypting website traffic. However, recent website fingerprinting (WF) attacks have shown that encrypted traffic can still leak users' visited websites by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yuhao Pan , Wenchao Xu , Fushuo Huo , Haozhao Wang , Xiucheng Wang , Nan Cheng

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks, which covertly monitor user communications to identify the web pages they visit, pose a serious threat to user privacy. Existing WF defenses attempt to reduce attack accuracy by disrupting traffic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Siyuan Liang , Jiajun Gong , Tianmeng Fang , Aishan Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Ee-Chien Chang
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