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We present a comprehensive study of answer quality evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications using vRAG-Eval, a novel grading system that is designed to assess correctness, completeness, and honesty. We further map the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Yang Wang , Alberto Garcia Hernandez , Roman Kyslyi , Nicholas Kersting

This paper addresses the issues of insufficient coverage, unstable results, and limited reliability in retrieval-augmented generation under complex knowledge environments, and proposes a confidence control method that integrates…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Xiaofan Guo , Yaxuan Luan , Yue Kang , Xiangchen Song , Jinxu Guo

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted across various domains. However, their adoption in banking industry faces resistance due to demands for high accuracy, regulatory compliance, and the need for verifiable and grounded…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publicly available hardware description…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Touseef Hasan , Blessing Airehenbuwa , Nitin Pundir , Souvika Sarkar , Ujjwal Guin

The Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on Large language model (LLM) has made significant progress. It can effectively reduce factuality hallucinations, but faithfulness hallucinations still exist. Previous methods for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Jianpeng Hu , Yanzeng Li , Jialun Zhong , Wenfa Qi , Lei Zou

Scaling test-time computation with reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a reliable path to improve large language models (LLM) reasoning ability. Yet, outcome-based reward often incentivizes models to be overconfident, leading to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Liaoyaqi Wang , Chunsheng Zuo , William Jurayj , Benjamin Van Durme , Anqi Liu

The rapid development of large language models has led to the widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates external knowledge to alleviate knowledge bottlenecks and mitigate hallucinations. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Ruotong Pan , Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jia Zheng , Sirui Wang , Xunliang Cai , Le Sun

Large language models (LLMs) can enhance factuality via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), but applying RAG to every query is unnecessary when the model-only answer is reliable. This motivates cascaded RAG: each query is first handled by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Zijun Jia , Yuanchang Ye , Sen Jia , Yiyao Qian , Haoning Wang , Baojie Chen , Diyin Tang , Jinsong Yu , Zhiyuan Wang

Incorporating specific knowledge into large language models via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a widespread technique that fuels many of today's industry AI applications. A fundamental problem is to assess if the context retrieved…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Florian Geissler , Francesco Carella , Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg

Large Language Models suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. Current mitigation strategies focus on post-generation correction, which is computationally expensive and fails to prevent unreliable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Nandakishor M

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for code generation in high-stakes software development, yet their limited transparency in security reasoning and brittleness to evolving vulnerability patterns raise critical…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Manisha Mukherjee , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Security applications are increasingly relying on large language models (LLMs) for cyber threat detection; however, their opaque reasoning often limits trust, particularly in decisions that require domain-specific cybersecurity knowledge.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Arnabh Borah , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Estimation of a model's confidence on its outputs is critical for Conversational AI systems based on large language models (LLMs), especially for reducing hallucination and preventing over-reliance. In this work, we provide an exhaustive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Yi-Jyun Sun , Suvodip Dey , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Gokhan Tur

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are prone to generating inaccurate or hallucinatory responses. This limitation stems from their reliance on vast pretraining datasets, making them susceptible to errors in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Chi-Min Chan , Chunpu Xu , Ruibin Yuan , Hongyin Luo , Wei Xue , Yike Guo , Jie Fu

We present an automatic large language model (LLM) conversion approach that produces uncertainty-aware LLMs capable of estimating uncertainty with every prediction. Our approach is model- and data-agnostic, is computationally-efficient, and…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in factual evidence but introduces critical challenges regarding knowledge conflicts between internalized parameters and retrieved information. However, existing reliability…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Sunguk Shin , Meeyoung Cha , Byung-Jun Lee , Sungwon Park

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular solution to mitigate the hallucination issues of large language models. However, existing studies on RAG seldom address the issue of predictive uncertainty, i.e., how likely it…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-05 Lu Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Xueqi Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in high-stakes settings, where overconfident responses can mislead users. Reliable confidence estimation has been shown to enhance trust and task accuracy. Yet existing methods face…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Linwei Tao , Yi-Fan Yeh , Bo Kai , Minjing Dong , Tao Huang , Tom A. Lamb , Jialin Yu , Philip H. S. Torr , Chang Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can alleviate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by referencing external documents. However, the misinformation in external documents may mislead LLMs' generation. To address this issue, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng