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We propose a novel inference-time out-of-domain (OOD) detection algorithm for specialized large language models (LLMs). Despite achieving state-of-the-art performance on in-domain tasks through fine-tuning, specialized LLMs remain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Ayush Gupta , Ramneet Kaur , Anirban Roy , Adam D. Cobb , Rama Chellappa , Susmit Jha

Existing Visual-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved significant progress by being trained on massive-scale datasets, typically under the assumption that data are independent and identically distributed (IID). However, in real-world…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Ling Lin , Yang Bai , Heng Su , Congcong Zhu , Yaoxing Wang , Yang Zhou , Huazhu Fu , Jingrun Chen

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are designed to extend Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities, yet in this work we observe a surprising phenomenon: VLMs can outperform their underlying LLMs on purely text-only tasks,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Nicolas Buzeta , Felipe del Rio , Cristian Hinostroza , Denis Parra , Hans Lobel , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

Language-based object detection (LOD) aims to align visual objects with language expressions. A large amount of paired data is utilized to improve LOD model generalizations. During the training process, recent studies leverage…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Yuming Chen , Jiangyan Feng , Haodong Zhang , Lijun Gong , Feng Zhu , Rui Zhao , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yibing Song

Moving beyond testing on in-distribution data works on Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection have recently increased in popularity. A recent attempt to categorize OOD data introduces the concept of near and far OOD detection. Specifically,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-23 Junjiao Tian , Yen-Change Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as the dominant approach for zero-shot recognition, adept at handling diverse scenarios and significant distribution changes. However, their deployment in risk-sensitive areas requires a deeper…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Weijie Tu , Weijian Deng , Dylan Campbell , Stephen Gould , Tom Gedeon

Vision-language modeling (VLM) aims to bridge the information gap between images and natural language. Under the new paradigm of first pre-training on massive image-text pairs and then fine-tuning on task-specific data, VLM in the remote…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Xingxing Weng , Chao Pang , Gui-Song Xia

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for reliable autonomous driving, where safety depends on recognizing road obstacles and unexpected objects beyond the training distribution. Despite extensive research on OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zizhao Li , Zhengkang Xiang , Jiayang Ao , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Open-vocabulary object detection (OVOD) aims to detect the objects beyond the set of classes observed during training. This work introduces a straightforward and efficient strategy that utilizes pre-trained vision-language models (VLM),…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Shilin Xu , Xiangtai Li , Size Wu , Wenwei Zhang , Yunhai Tong , Chen Change Loy

Detecting anomalies or out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for maintaining the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness not only in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Ruiyao Xu , Kaize Ding

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong cross-modal performance, yet recent evidence suggests they over-rely on textual descriptions while under-utilizing visual evidence -- a phenomenon termed ``text shortcut learning.'' We propose an…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Lijie Zhou

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have gained widespread adoption for continuous mobile object detection (OD) tasks, particularly in autonomous systems. However, a prevalent issue in their deployment is the one-size-fits-all…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Justin Davis , Mehmet E. Belviranli

Vision-Language Model (VLM) have gained widespread adoption in Open-Vocabulary (OV) object detection and segmentation tasks. Despite they have shown promise on OV-related tasks, their effectiveness in conventional vision tasks has thus far…

Recent works have shown huge success of deep learning models for common in vocabulary (IV) scene text recognition. However, in real-world scenarios, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are of great importance and SOTA recognition models usually…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Jinshui Hu , Chenyu Liu , Qiandong Yan , Xuyang Zhu , Jiajia Wu , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Two prevalent types of distributional shifts in machine learning are the covariate shift (as observed across different domains) and the semantic shift (as seen across different classes). Traditional OOD detection techniques typically…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-09-20 Haoliang Wang , Chen Zhao , Yunhui Guo , Kai Jiang , Feng Chen

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task that has garnered significant attention. The emergence of CLIP has spurred extensive research into zero-shot OOD detection, often employing a training-free approach. Current methods…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Haoran Xu , Yanlin Liu , Zizhao Tong , Jiaze Li , Kexue Fu , Yuyang Zhang , Longxiang Gao , Shuaiguang Li , Xingyu Li , Yanran Xu , Changwei Wang

Modern machine learning models deployed often encounter distribution shifts in real-world applications, manifesting as covariate or semantic out-of-distribution (OOD) shifts. These shifts give rise to challenges in OOD generalization and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Haoyue Bai , Jifan Zhang , Robert Nowak

Visual Information Extraction (VIE) plays a crucial role in the comprehension of semi-structured documents, and several pre-trained models have been developed to enhance performance. However, most of these works are monolingual (usually…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-20 Huawen Shen , Gengluo Li , Jinwen Zhong , Yu Zhou

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai