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Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) emphasize long chain-of-thought reasoning; yet, we find that their performance on visual tasks is primarily limited by a lack of visual perception as opposed to reasoning itself. In this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Juncheng Wu , Hardy Chen , Haoqin Tu , Xianfeng Tang , Freda Shi , Hui Liu , Hanqing Lu , Cihang Xie , Yuyin Zhou

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted in post-training for large language models (LLMs) at scale. Recently, the incentivization of reasoning capabilities in LLMs from RL indicates that $\textit{proper learning methods could…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Zijun Liu , Peiyi Wang , Runxin Xu , Shirong Ma , Chong Ruan , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Yu Wu

Inference-time compute has re-emerged as a practical way to improve LLM reasoning. Most test-time scaling (TTS) algorithms rely on autoregressive decoding, which is ill-suited to discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) due to their…

Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for…

Enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is a challenging task that has attracted increasing attention in the community. Recently, several studies have applied Reinforcement Learning with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Tong Xiao , Xin Xu , Zhenya Huang , Hongyu Gao , Quan Liu , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can improve reasoning at inference time through test-time scaling (TTS), where multiple reasoning traces are generated and the best one is selected. Prior work shows that increasing the number of samples K…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yuheng Wu , Azalia Mirhoseini , Thierry Tambe

LLMs can solve complex tasks by generating long, multi-step reasoning chains. Test-time scaling (TTS) can further improve performance by sampling multiple variants of intermediate reasoning steps, verifying their correctness, and selecting…

Current large-language models (LLMs) typically adopt a fixed reasoning strategy, either simple or complex, for all questions, regardless of their difficulty. This neglect of variation in task and reasoning process complexity leads to an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yi Wang , Junxiao Liu , Shimao Zhang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven to be a highly effective strategy for endowing Large Language Models (LLMs) with robust multi-step reasoning abilities. However, its design and optimizations remain tailored…

Human reasoning is shaped by resource rationality -- optimizing performance under constraints. Recently, inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm to improve the reasoning performance of Large Language Models by expanding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Zhimin Hu , Riya Roshan , Sashank Varma

Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a new frontier for scaling the performance of Large Language Models. In test-time scaling, by using more computational resources during inference, LLMs can improve their reasoning process and task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

Reinforcement Learning (RL) benefits Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning. Inspired by this, we explore integrating spatio-temporal specific rewards into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to address the unique…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Desen Meng , Lu Dong , Xiangyu Zeng , Yinan He , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

While Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has proven effective in improving the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), low diversity in model outputs often becomes a bottleneck; this is partly caused by the common "one problem, one…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Feng Ju , Zeyu Qin , Rui Min , Zhitao He , Lingpeng Kong , Yi R. Fung

The integration of visual inputs with large language models (LLMs) has led to remarkable advancements in multi-modal capabilities, giving rise to visual large language models (VLLMs). However, effectively harnessing VLLMs for intricate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-14 Renjie Pi , Lewei Yao , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Recently, inference-time scaling of chain-of-thought (CoT) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for addressing multi-modal reasoning tasks. While existing studies have predominantly centered on text-based thinking, the integration…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yujie Lin , Ante Wang , Moye Chen , Jingyao Liu , Hao Liu , Jinsong Su , Xinyan Xiao

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) have long struggled with spatial reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, even simple spatial reasoning tasks, such as recognizing "under" or "behind" relationships between only two objects, pose significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Shiqi Chen , Tongyao Zhu , Ruochen Zhou , Jinghan Zhang , Siyang Gao , Juan Carlos Niebles , Mor Geva , Junxian He , Jiajun Wu , Manling Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, existing approaches mainly rely on imitation learning and struggle to achieve effective test-time scaling. While reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Zhenyu Hou , Xin Lv , Rui Lu , Jiajie Zhang , Yujiang Li , Zijun Yao , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Long-context inference enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but incurs significant computational overhead. Token-oriented methods, such as pruning and skipping, have shown great promise in reducing inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Zimeng Wu , Donghao Wang , Chaozhe Jin , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang