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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities but typically require expensive post-training to reach high performance. Recent test-time alignment methods offer a lightweight alternative, but have been explored mainly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Arushi Rai , Qiang Zhang , Hanqing Zeng , Yunkai Zhang , Dipesh Tamboli , Xiangjun Fan , Zhuokai Zhao , Lizhu Zhang

Process Reward Model (PRM) is widely used in the post-training of Large Language Model (LLM) because it can perform fine-grained evaluation of the reasoning steps of generated content. However, most PRMs lack long-term reasoning and deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Xinquan Chen , Chongying Yue , Bangwei Liu , Xuhong Wang , Yingchun Wang , Chaochao Lu

Tabular prediction traditionally relies on gradient-boosted decision trees and deep learning models, which excel in specific tasks but lack interpretability and transferability. Reasoning large language models (LLMs) promise cross-task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Pengxiang Cai , Zihao Gao , Wanchen Lian , Jintai Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited the capacity of enhancing reasoning performance via internal test-time scaling. Building upon this, a promising direction is to further scale test-time compute to unlock even greater reasoning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Jian Wang , Boyan Zhu , Chak Tou Leong , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

A promising approach for improving reasoning in large language models is to use process reward models (PRMs). PRMs provide feedback at each step of a multi-step reasoning trace, potentially improving credit assignment over outcome reward…

Tables are a fundamental medium for organizing and analyzing data, making table reasoning a critical capability for intelligent systems. Although large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general reasoning abilities, they still struggle…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Lang Cao , Jingxian Xu , Hanbing Liu , Jinyu Wang , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Test-time scaling (TTS) for large language models (LLMs) has thus far fallen into two largely separate paradigms: (1) reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize sparse outcome-based rewards, yet suffer from instability and low sample…

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) perform multi-step latent reasoning prior to token generation and outperform conventional LLMs on reasoning benchmarks at smaller parameter budgets. However, attempts to further improve LoopLM reasoning with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jonathan Williams , Esin Tureci

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. The dominant paradigm, outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RLVR), rewards only correct final answers, often propagating…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Beining Wang , Weihang Su , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yujia Zhou , Ting Yao , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, they still struggle with complex multi-step reasoning, often producing logically inconsistent or partially correct solutions.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Lingxiao Du , Fanqing Meng , Zongkai Liu , Zhixiang Zhou , Ping Luo , Qiaosheng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising approach to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by guiding their step-by-step reasoning toward a final answer. However, existing PRMs either treat each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Zheng Zhang , Ziwei Shan , Kaitao Song , Yexin Li , Kan Ren

This work reframes the Text-to-SQL task as a pathway for teaching large language models (LLMs) to reason over and manipulate tabular data--moving beyond the traditional focus on query generation. We propose a two-stage framework that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Josefa Lia Stoisser , Marc Boubnovski Martell , Julien Fauqueur

Recent years have seen considerable advancements in multi-step reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). The previous studies have elucidated the merits of integrating feedback or search mechanisms during model inference to improve the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Qianli Ma , Haotian Zhou , Tingkai Liu , Jianbo Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Yang You , Hongxia Yang

LLMs can solve complex tasks by generating long, multi-step reasoning chains. Test-time scaling (TTS) can further improve performance by sampling multiple variants of intermediate reasoning steps, verifying their correctness, and selecting…

Large Language Models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various downstream tasks and have been widely applied in multiple scenarios. Human-annotated preference data is used for training to further improve LLMs' performance,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Shimao Zhang , Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang , Junxiao Liu , Zheheng Luo , Shujian Huang , Yeyun Gong

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for supervising intermediate reasoning steps in large language models (LLMs). Previous PRMs are primarily trained on model final output responses and struggle to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Jiaru Zou , Ling Yang , Jingwen Gu , Jiahao Qiu , Ke Shen , Jingrui He , Mengdi Wang

Predictive modeling on tabular data is the cornerstone of many real-world applications. Although gradient boosting machines and some recent deep models achieve strong performance on tabular data, they often lack interpretability. On the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Tommy Xu , Zhitian Zhang , Xiangyu Sun , Lauren Kelly Zung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Greg Mori

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in many reasoning benchmarks. However, recent studies have pointed to memorization, rather than generalization, as one of the leading causes for such performance. LLMs, in fact, are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Akhter , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras