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Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a new frontier for scaling the performance of Large Language Models. In test-time scaling, by using more computational resources during inference, LLMs can improve their reasoning process and task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

We revisit test-time scaling for language model reasoning and ask a fundamental question: at equal token budget and compute, is it better to run multiple independent chains in parallel, or to run fewer chains that iteratively refine through…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Aman Sharma , Paras Chopra

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have created new opportunities to enhance performance on complex reasoning tasks by leveraging test-time computation. However, existing scaling methods have key limitations: parallel…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Jiefeng Chen , Jie Ren , Xinyun Chen , Chengrun Yang , Ruoxi Sun , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Ö Arık

Test-time scaling (TTS) has proven effective in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Verification plays a key role in TTS, simultaneously influencing (1) reasoning performance and (2) compute efficiency, due…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Hao Mark Chen , Guanxi Lu , Yasuyuki Okoshi , Zhiwen Mo , Masato Motomura , Hongxiang Fan

Sampling-based search, a simple paradigm for utilizing test-time compute, involves generating multiple candidate responses and selecting the best one -- typically by having models self-verify each response for correctness. In this paper, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Eric Zhao , Pranjal Awasthi , Sreenivas Gollapudi

Recent advances have shown that scaling test-time computation enables large language models (LLMs) to solve increasingly complex problems across diverse domains. One effective paradigm for test-time scaling (TTS) involves LLM generators…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Yefan Zhou , Austin Xu , Yilun Zhou , Janvijay Singh , Jiang Gui , Shafiq Joty

Parallel test-time scaling (TTS) is a pivotal approach for enhancing large language models (LLMs), typically by sampling multiple token-based chains-of-thought in parallel and aggregating outcomes through voting or search. Recent advances…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Runyang You , Yongqi Li , Meng Liu , Wenjie Wang , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models by allocating additional inference compute to explore the solution space. However, existing parallel TTS methods typically keep branches isolated during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Xinglin Wang , Hao Lin , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Diffusion Multi-modal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) have recently emerged as a novel architecture unifying image generation and understanding. However, developing effective and efficient Test-Time Scaling (TTS) methods to unlock their full…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Yi Xin , Siqi Luo , Tianxiang Xu , Qi Qin , Haoxing Chen , Kaiwen Zhu , Zhiwei Zhang , Yangfan He , Rongchao Zhang , Jinbin Bai , Shuo Cao , Bin Fu , Junjun He , Yihao Liu , Yuewen Cao , Xiaohong Liu

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) is an important method for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using additional computation during the inference phase. However, current studies do not systematically analyze how policy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Runze Liu , Junqi Gao , Jian Zhao , Kaiyan Zhang , Xiu Li , Biqing Qi , Wanli Ouyang , Bowen Zhou

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Large reasoning models (LRMs) combined with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have enabled deep research agents capable of multi-step reasoning with external knowledge retrieval. However, we find that existing approaches rarely…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Dayoon Ko , Jihyuk Kim , Haeju Park , Sohyeon Kim , Dahyun Lee , Yongrae Jo , Gunhee Kim , Moontae Lee , Kyungjae Lee

Test-time scaling (TTS), which involves dynamic allocation of compute during inference, offers a promising way to improve reasoning in large language models. While existing TTS methods work well, they often rely on long decoding paths or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Test-time scaling (TTS) has gained widespread attention for enhancing LLM reasoning. Existing approaches such as Best-of-N and majority voting are limited as their performance depends on the quality of candidate responses, making them…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Qibin Wang , Pu Zhao , Shaohan Huang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Furu Wei , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) benefit from test-time scaling but are often hampered by high inference latency. Speculative decoding is a natural way to accelerate the scaling process; however, scaling along both the parallel and sequential…

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) is a promising approach to progressively elicit the model's intelligence during inference. Recently, training-based TTS methods, such as continued reinforcement learning (RL), have further surged in popularity, while…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Kaiyan Chang , Yonghao Shi , Chenglong Wang , Hang Zhou , Chi Hu , Xiaoqian Liu , Yingfeng Luo , Yuan Ge , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Parallel test-time scaling, which generates multiple candidate solutions for a single problem, is a powerful technique for improving large language model performance. However, it is hindered by two key bottlenecks: accurately selecting the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Yegon Kim , Seungyoo Lee , Chaeyun Jang , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Fact-checking real-world claims, particularly numerical claims, is inherently complex that require multistep reasoning and numerical reasoning for verifying diverse aspects of the claim. Although large language models (LLMs) including…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Primakov Chungkham , V Venktesh , Vinay Setty , Avishek Anand

Test-time scaling (TTS) techniques can improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) at the expense of additional computation and latency. While TTS has proven effective in formal domains such as mathematics and programming, its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Davide Romano , Jonathan Schwarz , Daniele Giofré
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