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Linear attention significantly reduces the computational complexity of Transformers from quadratic to linear, yet it consistently lags behind softmax-based attention in performance. We identify the root cause of this degradation as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Weikang Meng , Liangyu Huo , Yadan Luo , Yaowei Wang , Yingjian Li , Zheng Zhang

The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the Multi-Head Attention (MHA) mechanism, has become the de facto standard for state-of-the-art models in artificial intelligence. However, the quadratic computational complexity of MHA with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Adam Filipek

Increasing penetration of highly variable components such as solar generation and electric vehicle charging loads pose significant challenges to keeping three-phase loads balanced in modern distribution systems. Failure to maintain balance…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2018-10-02 Xinbo Geng , Swati Gupta , Le Xie

The attention mechanism of a transformer has a quadratic complexity, leading to high inference costs and latency for long sequences. However, attention matrices are mostly sparse, which implies that many entries may be omitted from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

The Transformer model has been pivotal in advancing fields such as natural language processing, speech recognition, and computer vision. However, a critical limitation of this model is its quadratic computational and memory complexity…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Firas Khader , Omar S. M. El Nahhas , Tianyu Han , Gustav Müller-Franzes , Sven Nebelung , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Daniel Truhn

Linear attention methods offer Transformers $O(N)$ complexity but typically underperform standard softmax attention. We identify two fundamental limitations affecting these approaches: the restriction to convex combinations that only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Xu Han , Yan Sun , Viresh Pati , Yubin Kim , Siddhartha Somani , Shihao Yang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) based vision foundation models (VFMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse vision tasks, but suffer from quadratic complexity that limits scalability to long sequences. Existing linear attention…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Yifan Li , Seunghyun Yoon , Viet Dac Lai , Franck Dernoncourt , Jason Kuen , Yu Kong , Trung Bui

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable results in low-level vision tasks including image super-resolution (SR). However, early Transformer-based approaches that rely on self-attention within non-overlapping windows encounter…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-04-18 Cansu Korkmaz , A. Murat Tekalp

The softmax content-based attention mechanism has proven to be very beneficial in many applications of recurrent neural networks. Nevertheless it suffers from two major computational limitations. First, its computations for an attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-09-20 Alexandre de Brébisson , Pascal Vincent

Transformer's recent integration into style transfer leverages its proficiency in establishing long-range dependencies, albeit at the expense of attenuated local modeling. This paper introduces Strips Window Attention Transformer (S2WAT), a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-18 Chiyu Zhang , Xiaogang Xu , Lei Wang , Zaiyan Dai , Jun Yang

Although transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across diverse domains, their quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length remains a significant bottleneck, particularly for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Lianghao Jiang , Anni Li , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel

Transformer models have emerged as fundamental tools across various scientific and engineering disciplines, owing to their outstanding performance in diverse applications. Despite this empirical success, the theoretical foundations of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Zhen Qin , Jinxin Zhou , Jiachen Jiang , Zhihui Zhu

Transformers have become foundational architectures for both natural language and computer vision tasks. However, the high computational cost makes it quite challenging to deploy on resource-constraint devices. This paper investigates the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Jialong Guo , Xinghao Chen , Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang

To address the high resolution of image pixels, the Swin Transformer introduces window attention. This mechanism divides an image into non-overlapping windows and restricts attention computation to within each window, significantly…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Zhendong Zhang

Transformers have been successfully used in various fields and are becoming the standard tools in computer vision. However, self-attention, a core component of transformers, has a quadratic complexity problem, which limits the use of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-02 Jiuk Hong , Chaehyeon Lee , Soyoun Bang , Heechul Jung

Linear attentions have shown potential for improving Transformer efficiency, reducing attention's quadratic complexity to linear in sequence length. This holds exciting promise for (1) training linear Transformers from scratch, (2)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-08 Michael Zhang , Kush Bhatia , Hermann Kumbong , Christopher Ré

Transformers serve as the foundation of most modern large language models. To mitigate the quadratic complexity of standard full attention, various efficient attention mechanisms, such as linear and hybrid attention, have been developed. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Xiaowei Ye , Xiaoyu He , Chao Liao , Chen Wu , Pinyan Lu

Despite the exciting performance, Transformer is criticized for its excessive parameters and computation cost. However, compressing Transformer remains as an open problem due to its internal complexity of the layer designs, i.e., Multi-Head…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-05-25 Gen Luo , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Yan Wang , Liujuan Cao , Yongjian Wu , Feiyue Huang , Rongrong Ji

We propose a simple modification to the conventional attention mechanism applied by Transformers: Instead of quantifying pairwise query-key similarity with scaled dot-products, we quantify it with the logarithms of scaled dot-products of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Franz A. Heinsen