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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its efficacy, RLVR faces a meta-learning bottleneck: it lacks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Shiting Huang , Zecheng Li , Yu Zeng , Qingnan Ren , Zhen Fang , Qisheng Su , Kou Shi , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

This paper proposes a novel method that incorporates empowerment when reasoning actions in reinforcement learning (RL), thereby achieving the flexibility of exploration-exploitation dilemma (EED). In previous methods, empowerment for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Taisuke Kobayashi

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated significant success in enhancing mathematical reasoning and coding performance of large language models (LLMs), especially when structured reference answers are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Yi Su , Dian Yu , Linfeng Song , Juntao Li , Haitao Mi , Zhaopeng Tu , Min Zhang , Dong Yu

Designing effective reward functions remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), as it often requires extensive human effort and domain expertise. While RL from human feedback has been successful in aligning agents with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Tung Minh Luu , Younghwan Lee , Donghoon Lee , Sunho Kim , Min Jun Kim , Chang D. Yoo

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) suffers from sparse outcome signals, creating severe exploration bottlenecks on complex reasoning tasks. Recent on-policy self-distillation methods attempt to address this by utilizing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Yang Li , Erik Nijkamp , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty

Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, they often struggle with capturing complex human preferences and generalizing to unseen data. To address these challenges, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Anamika Lochab , Ruqi Zhang

Designing effective reasoning-capable LLMs typically requires training using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) or distillation with carefully curated Long Chain of Thoughts (CoT), both of which depend heavily on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Safal Shrestha , Minwu Kim , Aadim Nepal , Anubhav Shrestha , Keith Ross

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has propelled Large Language Models in complex reasoning, yet its scalability is often hindered by a training bottleneck where performance plateaus as policy entropy collapses, signaling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Guanhua Huang , Tingqiang Xu , Mingze Wang , Qi Yi , Xue Gong , Siheng Li , Ruibin Xiong , Kejiao Li , Yuhao Jiang , Bo Zhou

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing them against factual outcomes. However, this paradigm falters in long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Guanzheng Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has established itself as the dominant paradigm for instilling rigorous reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models. While effective at amplifying dominant behaviors, we identify a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Zesheng Hong , Jiadong Yu , Hui Pan

We introduce Reward-Guided Speculative Decoding (RSD), a novel framework aimed at improving the efficiency of inference in large language models (LLMs). RSD synergistically combines a lightweight draft model with a more powerful target…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Baohao Liao , Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Junnan Li , Christof Monz , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Caiming Xiong

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), reliably evaluating the capabilities of pre-trained LLMs has become increasingly important. The challenge is that base pre-trained models are optimized for next-token prediction and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Shaobo Wang , Guo Chen , Ziyue Wang , Zhengyang Tang , Qingyang Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Dayiheng Liu , Linfeng Zhang

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing reward formulations typically treat exploration and consolidation as a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Wenze Lin , Zhen Yang , Xitai Jiang , Xiaoteng Ma , Gao Huang

Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Ensuring truthfulness in large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for reliable text generation. While supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning with human feedback have shown promise, they require a substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Manh Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Hung Le

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model reasoning is frequently hindered by signal loss, a phenomenon where standard uniform sampling with small group sizes fails to uncover informative learning signals for difficult prompts.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Wei Xiong , Chenlu Ye , Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a key technique for enhancing LLMs' reasoning abilities, yet its data inefficiency remains a major bottleneck. To address this critical yet challenging issue, we present a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Shipeng Li , Zhiqin Yang , Shikun Li , Xiaobo Xia , Hengyu Liu , Xinghua Zhang , Gaode Chen , Dong Fang , Ying Tai , Zhe Peng

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. When applied to RLVR, Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) offer a scalable source of verifiable data but risk…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Xu Guo , Qiming Ge , Jian Tong , Kedi Chen , Jin Zhang , Xiaogui Yang , Xuan Gao , Haijun Lv , Zhihui Lu , Yicheng Zou , Qipeng Guo

Recent years, the database committee has attempted to develop automatic database management systems. Although some researches show that the applying AI to data management is a significant and promising direction, there still exists many…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2021-11-23 Yu Yan , Hongzhi Wang , Jian Ma , Jian Geng , Yuzhuo Wang