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The advancement of deep learning has led to the emergence of Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) models, known for their dynamic allocation of computational resources based on input. Despite their promise, MoEs face challenges, particularly in terms…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Alexandre Muzio , Alex Sun , Churan He

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for efficiently scaling large language models without a proportional increase in computational cost. However, the standard training strategy of Top-K router prevents MoE models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Yaoxiang Wang , Qingguo Hu , Yucheng Ding , Ruizhe Wang , Yeyun Gong , Jian Jiao , Yelong Shen , Peng Cheng , Jinsong Su

In parameter-efficient fine-tuning, mixture-of-experts (MoE), which involves specializing functionalities into different experts and sparsely activating them appropriately, has been widely adopted as a promising approach to trade-off…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Jinyuan Feng , Chaopeng Wei , Tenghai Qiu , Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu

Continual learning (CL) has garnered significant attention because of its ability to adapt to new tasks that arrive over time. Catastrophic forgetting (of old tasks) has been identified as a major issue in CL, as the model adapts to new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Hongbo Li , Sen Lin , Lingjie Duan , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve transformer efficiency but lack a unified theoretical explanation, especially when both feed-forward and attention layers are allowed to specialize. To this end, we study the Mixture-of-Transformers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Hongbo Li , Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enhances model performance while maintaining computational efficiency, making it well-suited for large-scale applications. Conventional mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures suffer from suboptimal coordination…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Yujiao Yang , Jing Lian , Linhui Li

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

The application of mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining popularity due to its ability to improve model's performance. In an MoE structure, the gate layer plays a significant role in distinguishing and routing input features to different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Zhitian Xie , Yinger Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Qitao Shi , Zhining Liu , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

The classical mixture of linear experts (MoE) model is one of the widespread statistical frameworks for modeling, classification, and clustering of data. Built on the normality assumption of the error terms for mathematical and…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-07-15 Elham Mirfarah , Mehrdad Naderi , Ding-Geng Chen

Multilevel data are prevalent in many real-world applications. However, it remains an open research problem to identify and justify a class of models that flexibly capture a wide range of multilevel data. Motivated by the versatility of the…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-10-03 Tsz Chai Fung , Spark C. Tseung

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining increasing attention due to its unique properties and remarkable performance, especially for language tasks. By sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token, MoE architecture could increase…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Ka Man Lo , Zeyu Huang , Zihan Qiu , Zili Wang , Jie Fu

Contaminated mixture of experts (MoE) is motivated by transfer learning methods where a pre-trained model, acting as a frozen expert, is integrated with an adapter model, functioning as a trainable expert, in order to learn a new task.…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-02-03 Fanqi Yan , Dung Le , Trang Pham , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Mixture of experts (MoE) has recently emerged as an effective framework to advance the efficiency and scalability of machine learning models by softly dividing complex tasks among multiple specialized sub-models termed experts. Central to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-03-06 Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Alessandro Rinaldo

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a highly successful technique in deep learning, based on the principle of divide-and-conquer to maximize model capacity without significant additional computational cost. Even in the era of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-02 Boan Liu , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Keqin Peng , Yu Cao , Dazhao Cheng , Dacheng Tao

The first-stage retrieval aims to retrieve a subset of candidate documents from a huge collection both effectively and efficiently. Since various matching patterns can exist between queries and relevant documents, previous work tries to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Yinqiong Cai , Yixing Fan , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Wei Chen , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

The emergence of large-scale Mixture of Experts (MoE) models represents a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, offering enhanced model capacity and computational efficiency through conditional computation. However, deploying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-23 Jiacheng Liu , Peng Tang , Wenfeng Wang , Yuhang Ren , Xiaofeng Hou , Pheng-Ann Heng , Minyi Guo , Chao Li