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Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet their standard attention mechanism incurs quadratic computation and memory costs with respect to sequence length, posing a major bottleneck for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Tao Bu , Qiangang Wang , Bowen Zeng , Hanwen Sun , Yunpeng Huang , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu

Attention with bias, which extends standard attention by introducing prior knowledge as an additive bias matrix to the query-key scores, has been widely deployed in vision, language, protein-folding and other advanced scientific models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Haixu Wu , Minghao Guo , Yuezhou Ma , Yuanxu Sun , Jianmin Wang , Wojciech Matusik , Mingsheng Long

To enhance the efficiency of the attention mechanism within large language models (LLMs), previous works primarily compress the KV cache or group attention heads, while largely overlooking redundancy between layers. Our comprehensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Yongyu Mu , Yuzhang Wu , Yuchun Fan , Chenglong Wang , Hengyu Li , Jiali Zeng , Qiaozhi He , Murun Yang , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention mechanisms, particularly as context lengths increase. We introduce SpecAttn, a novel training-free…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Harsh Shah

Block diffusion LLMs are emerging as a promising next paradigm for language generation, but their use of KV caching makes memory access a dominant bottleneck in long-context settings. While dynamic sparse attention has been actively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Omin Kwon , Yeonjae Kim , Doyeon Kim , Minseo Kim , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee

We establish the universal approximation capability of single-layer, single-head self- and cross-attention mechanisms with minimal attached structures. Our key insight is to interpret single-head attention as an input domain-partition…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Hude Liu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Low-rank approximations, of the weight and feature space can enhance the performance of deep learning models, whether in terms of improving generalization or reducing the latency of inference. However, there is no clear consensus yet on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

The quadratic complexity of standard attention mechanisms poses a significant scalability bottleneck for large language models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention strategies that combine sparse and full attention within…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Zecheng Tang , Quantong Qiu , Yi Yang , Zhiyi Hong , Haiya Xiang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is significantly sensitive to the contextual position of information in the input. To investigate the mechanism behind this positional bias, our extensive experiments reveal a consistent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Zihao Yi , Delong Zeng , Zhenqing Ling , Haohao Luo , Zhe Xu , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Wanxia Cao , Ying Shen

Attention architectures are widely used; they recently gained renewed popularity with Transformers yielding a streak of state of the art results. Yet, the geometrical implications of softmax-attention remain largely unexplored. In this work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-20 Oliver Richter , Roger Wattenhofer

A key concern in integrating machine learning models in medicine is the ability to interpret their reasoning. Popular explainability methods have demonstrated satisfactory results in natural image recognition, yet in medical image analysis,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-08 Tom Ron , Michal Weiler-Sagie , Tamir Hazan

The evolution of Large Language Models from the Transformer architecture to models with trillions of parameters has shifted the primary bottleneck from model training to real time inference. Deploying these massive models is a complex…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Madabattula Rajesh Kumar , Srinivasa Rao Aravilli , Mustafa Saify , Shashank Srivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant bottleneck during autoregressive inference due to the massive memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing compression techniques like token eviction, quantization, or other low-rank…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Santhosh G S , Saurav Prakash , Balaraman Ravindran

Various forms of sparse attention have been explored to mitigate the quadratic computational and memory cost of the attention mechanism in transformers. We study sparse transformers not through a lens of efficiency but rather in terms of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Parikshit Ram , Kenneth L. Clarkson , Tim Klinger , Shashanka Ubaru , Alexander G. Gray

Long-Context Transformer Models (LCTMs) are vital for real-world applications but suffer high computational costs due to attention's quadratic complexity. Block-sparse attention mitigates this by focusing computation on critical regions,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Haofeng Huang , Junxian Guo , Song Han

Attention mechanisms underpin modern deep learning, while the quadratic time and space complexity limit scalability for long sequences. To address this, Quantum Annealing Multi-Head Attention (QAMA) is proposed, a novel drop-in operator…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-14 Peng Du , Jinjing Shi , Wenxuan Wang , Yin Ma , Kai Wen , Xuelong Li

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Large Language Models (LLMs) with extended context lengths face significant computational challenges during the pre-filling phase, primarily due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing methods typically employ dynamic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Yu Zhang , Dong Guo , Fang Wu , Guoliang Zhu , Dian Ding , Yiming Zhang

The quadratic computation complexity of self-attention has been a persistent challenge when applying Transformer models to vision tasks. Linear attention, on the other hand, offers a much more efficient alternative with its linear…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-04 Dongchen Han , Xuran Pan , Yizeng Han , Shiji Song , Gao Huang