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With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal methodology for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. Unlike traditional pre-training approaches, RL encompasses…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Jingkai He , Tianjian Li , Erhu Feng , Dong Du , Qian Liu , Tao Liu , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Reinforcement learning has become essential for strengthening the reasoning abilities of large language models, yet current exploration mechanisms remain fundamentally misaligned with how these models actually learn. Entropy bonuses and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Zhenwen Liang , Sidi Lu , Wenhao Yu , Kishan Panaganti , Yujun Zhou , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning algorithms are typically designed for discrete-time dynamics, even though the underlying real-world control systems are often continuous in time. In this paper, we study the problem of continuous-time reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Klemens Iten , Lenart Treven , Bhavya Sukhija , Florian Dörfler , Andreas Krause

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks. However, existing approaches mainly rely on imitation learning and struggle to achieve effective test-time scaling. While reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Zhenyu Hou , Xin Lv , Rui Lu , Jiajie Zhang , Yujiang Li , Zijun Yao , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

The application of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) constitutes a rapidly advancing research area. While MLLMs extend Large Language Models (LLMs) to handle…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Cen Chen , Jie Wang , Zheming Yang , Jian Xu , Minghui Qiu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) is empirically shown to notably enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly in mathematics and programming. However, the mechanistic role of Sample…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Yue Cheng , Jiajun Zhang , Xiaohui Gao , Weiwei Xing , Zheng Wang , Zhanxing Zhu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by the success of OpenAI's o-series. In RLVR, rewards are derived from verifiable signals-such…

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but typically requires ground-truth rewards. Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) removes this need by using majority-vote rewards, but relies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Aleksei Arzhantsev , Otmane Sakhi , Flavian Vasile

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key approach for enhancing LLM reasoning. However, standard frameworks like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) typically employ a uniform rollout budget, leading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Zhiyuan Yao , Yi-Kai Zhang , Yuxin Chen , Yueqing Sun , Zishan Xu , Yu Yang , Tianhao Hu , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in LLM reasoning, but whether it can also improve direct recall of parametric knowledge remains an open question. We study this question in a controlled zero-shot, one-hop,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Wanli Yang , Hongyu Zang , Junwei Zhang , Wenjie Shi , Du Su , Jingang Wang , Xueqi Cheng , Fei Sun

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has become a prominent paradigm to enhance the capabilities (i.e.\ long-context) of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Guanzheng Chen , Ziqi Jin , Jung-jae Kim , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee , Lidong Bing

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) significantly enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Current RLVR approaches typically conduct training across all generated tokens, but neglect to explore…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Yiliu Sun , Zicheng Zhao , Yang Wei , Yanfang Zhang , Chen Gong

Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been widely used for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). A core challenge in RLVR involves managing the exchange between entropy and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Jia Deng , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its efficacy, RLVR faces a meta-learning bottleneck: it lacks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Shiting Huang , Zecheng Li , Yu Zeng , Qingnan Ren , Zhen Fang , Qisheng Su , Kou Shi , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

Recent advances have demonstrated the effectiveness of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing works inevitably rely on high-quality instructions and verifiable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Wenkai Fang , Shunyu Liu , Yang Zhou , Kongcheng Zhang , Tongya Zheng , Kaixuan Chen , Mingli Song , Dacheng Tao

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Recent advances in multimodal reward modeling have been largely driven by a paradigm shift from discriminative to generative approaches. Building on this progress, recent studies have further employed reinforcement learning from verifiable…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Chenglong Wang , Yifu Huo , Yang Gan , Qiaozhi He , Qi Meng , Bei Li , Yan Wang , Junfu Liu , Tianhua Zhou , Jingbo Zhu , Tong Xiao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) but usually exhibits limited generation diversity due to the over-incentivization of positive rewards. Although methods like Negative…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Jie Cao , Jiajun Chai , Li Wang , Xiaodong Lu , Wei Lin , Ran He , Guojun Yin

Recent work on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown that large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved using outcome-level verification signals, such as unit tests for code or exact-match checks for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Massimiliano Pronesti , Anya Belz , Yufang Hou

Reasoning in large language models has long been a central research focus, and recent studies employing reinforcement learning (RL) have introduced diverse methods that yield substantial performance gains with minimal or even no external…