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As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale, data curation has shifted from maximizing volume to optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio by performing quality filtering. However, for many languages, native high quality data is insufficient to train…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Yassine Turki , Vinko Sabolčec , Bettina Messmer , Martin Jaggi

The opacity in developing large language models (LLMs) is raising growing concerns about the potential contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. Existing contamination detection methods are typically based on the text…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 Feng Yao , Yufan Zhuang , Zihao Sun , Sunan Xu , Animesh Kumar , Jingbo Shang

Selecting high-quality data can improve the pretraining efficiency of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods generally rely on heuristic techniques or single quality signals, limiting their ability to evaluate data quality…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Liangyu Xu , Xuemiao Zhang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai

Large language models (LLM) are generating information at a rapid pace, requiring users to increasingly rely and trust the data. Despite remarkable advances of LLM, Information generated by LLM is not completely trustworthy, due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-25 Rick Rejeleene , Xiaowei Xu , John Talburt

Data quality has become a key factor in enhancing model performance with the rapid development of large language models (LLMs). Model-driven data filtering has increasingly become a primary approach for acquiring high-quality data. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Yudong Wang , Zixuan Fu , Jie Cai , Peijun Tang , Hongya Lyu , Yewei Fang , Zhi Zheng , Jie Zhou , Guoyang Zeng , Chaojun Xiao , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a critical step in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human instructions and values, yet many aspects of SFT remain poorly understood. We trained a wide range of base models on a variety of datasets…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Yuto Harada , Yusuke Yamauchi , Yusuke Oda , Yohei Oseki , Yusuke Miyao , Yu Takagi

Data filtering strategies are a crucial component to develop safe Large Language Models (LLM), since they support the removal of harmful contents from pretraining datasets. There is a lack of research on the actual impact of these…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Marco Antonio Stranisci , Christian Hardmeier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently exploded in popularity, often matching or outperforming human abilities on many tasks. One of the key factors in training LLMs is the availability and curation of high-quality data. Data quality is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Vlad Negoita , Mihai Masala , Traian Rebedea

The composition of pre-training datasets for large language models (LLMs) remains largely undisclosed, hindering transparency and efforts to optimize data quality, a critical driver of model performance. Current data selection methods, such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Xinlin Zhuang , Jiahui Peng , Ren Ma , Yinfan Wang , Tianyi Bai , Xingjian Wei , Jiantao Qiu , Chi Zhang , Ying Qian , Conghui He

We propose the Data Contamination Quiz (DCQ), a simple and effective approach to detect data contamination in large language models (LLMs) and estimate the amount of it. Specifically, we frame data contamination detection as a series of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Shahriar Golchin , Mihai Surdeanu

When selecting data for training large-scale models, standard practice is to filter for examples that match human notions of data quality. Such filtering yields qualitatively clean datapoints that intuitively should improve model behavior.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Logan Engstrom , Axel Feldmann , Aleksander Madry

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

With the increasing demand for substantial amounts of high-quality data to train large language models (LLMs), efficiently filtering large web corpora has become a critical challenge. For this purpose, KenLM, a lightweight n-gram-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Yungi Kim , Hyunsoo Ha , Sukyung Lee , Jihoo Kim , Seonghoon Yang , Chanjun Park

The foundational capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are deeply influenced by the quality of their pre-training corpora. However, enhancing data quality at scale remains a significant challenge, primarily due to the trade-off…

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

Large language models' (LLMs) abilities are drawn from their pretraining data, and model development begins with data curation. However, decisions around what data is retained or removed during this initial stage are under-scrutinized. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Li Lucy , Suchin Gururangan , Luca Soldaini , Emma Strubell , David Bamman , Lauren F. Klein , Jesse Dodge

Large language models (LLMs) rely on pretraining on massive and heterogeneous corpora, where training data composition has a decisive impact on training efficiency and downstream generalization under realistic compute and data budget…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Zhuo Chen , Yuxuan Miao , Supryadi , Deyi Xiong

Having been trained on massive pretraining data, large language models have shown excellent performance on many knowledge-intensive tasks. However, pretraining data tends to contain misleading and even conflicting information, and it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Jiahuan Li , Yiqing Cao , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen

Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

Data quantity and quality play a vital role in determining the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). High-quality data, in particular, can significantly boost the LLM's ability to generalize on a wide range of downstream tasks. Large…