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High-capacity watermarking is necessary for 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) assets to embed rich information (e.g., ownership, provenance, and authentication codes), enabling reliable identification and integrity verification in large-scale 3D…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yuquan Bi , Baosheng Yu , Yingke Lei , Jianwei Yang , Hongsong Wang , Jie Gui , Yuan Yan Tang , James Tin-Yau Kwok

Estimation of the Embedding capacity is an important problem specifically in reversible multi-pass watermarking and is required for analysis before any image can be watermarked. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for estimating…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2012-02-08 Rishabh Iyer , Rushikesh Borse , Ronak Shah , Subhasis Chaudhuri

Large language models (LLMs) can be trained or fine-tuned on data obtained without the owner's consent. Verifying whether a specific LLM was trained on particular data instances or an entire dataset is extremely challenging. Dataset…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Edan Habler , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Semantic communication is an increasingly popular framework for wireless image transmission due to its high communication efficiency. With the aid of the joint-source-and-channel (JSC) encoder implemented by neural network, semantic…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2022-12-02 Maojun Zhang , Yang Li , Zezhong Zhang , Guangxu Zhu , Caijun Zhong

Unsupervised text embedding methods, such as Skip-gram and Paragraph Vector, have been attracting increasing attention due to their simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness. However, comparing to sophisticated deep learning architectures…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2015-08-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) has highlighted the pressing need for reliable mechanisms to verify content ownership and ensure traceability. Watermarking offers a promising path forward, but it remains limited by privacy…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Thomas Fargues , Ye Dong , Tianwei Zhang , Jin-Song Dong

This paper presents an application of statistical machine learning to the field of watermarking. We propose a new attack model on additive spread-spectrum watermarking systems. The proposed attack is based on Bayesian statistics. We…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2012-06-22 Ivo Shterev , David Dunson

Screen-shooting robust watermarking aims to imperceptibly embed extractable information into host images such that the watermark survives the complex distortion pipeline of screen display and camera recapture. However, achieving high…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Jiayi Qin , Jingwei Li , Chuan Wu

Recent advances in the capabilities of large language models such as GPT-4 have spurred increasing concern about our ability to detect AI-generated text. Prior works have suggested methods of embedding watermarks in model outputs, by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Or Zamir

In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective tabular data watermarking mechanism with statistical guarantees. We show theoretically that the proposed watermark can be effectively detected, while faithfully preserving the data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Hengzhi He , Peiyu Yu , Junpeng Ren , Ying Nian Wu , Guang Cheng

Watermark algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have achieved extremely high accuracy in detecting text generated by LLMs. Such algorithms typically involve adding extra watermark logits to the LLM's logits at each generation step.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Aiwei Liu , Leyi Pan , Xuming Hu , Shiao Meng , Lijie Wen

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are essential tools in end-to-end representation learning. However, the sequential text generation common pitfall with VAEs is that the model tends to ignore latent variables with a strong auto-regressive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-26 Yang Zhao , Ping Yu , Suchismit Mahapatra , Qinliang Su , Changyou Chen

Generative AI models pose a significant challenge to intellectual property (IP), as they can replicate unique artistic styles and concepts without attribution. While watermarking offers a potential solution, existing methods often fail in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Li Zhang , Shruti Agarwal , John Collomosse , Pengtao Xie , Vishal Asnani

Semantic watermarking techniques for latent diffusion models (LDMs) are robust against regeneration attacks, but often suffer from detection performance degradation due to the loss of frequency integrity. To tackle this problem, we propose…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Sung Ju Lee , Nam Ik Cho

Vision-language models demand watermarking solutions that protect intellectual property without compromising multimodal coherence. Existing text watermarking methods disrupt visual-textual alignment through biased token selection and static…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Shuliang Liu , Qi Zheng , Jesse Jiaxi Xu , Yibo Yan , Junyan Zhang , He Geng , Aiwei Liu , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Yik-Cheung Tam , Xuming Hu

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

Benefiting from the superior capabilities of large language models in natural language understanding and generation, Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful commercial paradigm on the web platform. However, prior studies…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Xuebin Wang

Large Language Models with Chain-of-Thought reasoning capabilities represent valuable intellectual property, yet existing black-box watermarking methods often trade robustness for reasoning fidelity by perturbing final answers or relying on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jiacheng Lu , Yiming Li , Tao Song , Weijian Wang , Wenjie Qu , Haibing Guan , Jiaheng Zhang

Recently, stable diffusion (SD) models have typically flourished in the field of image synthesis and personalized editing, with a range of photorealistic and unprecedented images being successfully generated. As a result, widespread…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Zhiyuan Ma , Guoli Jia , Biqing Qi , Bowen Zhou

This paper investigates a fundamental yet underexplored question: can watermarked images remain editable without compromising watermark integrity? We propose SafeMark, a framework for watermark-preserving text-guided image manipulation that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Xiangman Li , Zelin Zhang , Lingshuang Liu , Jianbing Ni