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We propose cognitive prompting as a novel approach to guide problem-solving in large language models (LLMs) through structured, human-like cognitive operations, such as goal clarification, decomposition, filtering, abstraction, and pattern…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Oliver Kramer , Jill Baumann

Memory plays a central role in enabling large language models (LLMs) to operate over sequential tasks by accumulating and reusing experience over time. However, existing evaluations of LLM memory mostly rely on aggregate metrics such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Songwei Dong , Zihan Chen , Chengshuai Shi , Peng Wang , Jundong Li , Cong Shen

Parameter-efficient methods are able to use a single frozen pre-trained large language model (LLM) to perform many tasks by learning task-specific soft prompts that modulate model behavior when concatenated to the input text. However, these…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-12 Brian Lester , Joshua Yurtsever , Siamak Shakeri , Noah Constant

Large language models (LLMs) process and predict sequences containing text to answer questions, and address tasks including document summarization, providing recommendations, writing software and solving quantitative problems. We provide a…

数值分析 · 数学 2026-02-02 Ricardo Baptista , Andrew Stuart , Son Tran

To improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models, test-time compute is typically scaled by generating intermediate tokens before the final answer. However, this couples reasoning to autoregressive generation and thereby…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Lukas Aichberger , Sepp Hochreiter

Effective long-term memory in conversational AI requires synthesizing information across multiple sessions. However, current systems place excessive reasoning burden on response generation, making performance significantly dependent on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Sangyeop Kim , Yohan Lee , Sanghwa Kim , Hyunjong Kim , Sungzoon Cho

Classes, as fundamental elements of Computer Vision, have been extensively studied within incremental learning frameworks. In contrast, tokens, which play essential roles in many research fields, exhibit similar characteristics of growth,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Jiaxin Qi , Yan Cui , Jianqiang Huang , Gaogang Xie

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning has recently gained significant attention, driven by the need to remove unwanted information, such as private, sensitive, or copyrighted content, from LLMs. However, conventional unlearning approaches…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Yixin Wan , Anil Ramakrishna , Kai-Wei Chang , Volkan Cevher , Rahul Gupta

Machine unlearning has emerged as a critical capability for addressing privacy, safety, and regulatory concerns in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods operate at the sequence level, applying uniform updates across all tokens…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Jiawei Wu , Doudou Zhou

Humans excel at performing complex tasks by leveraging long-term memory across temporal and spatial experiences. In contrast, current Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively plan and act in dynamic, multi-room 3D environments.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Wenbo Hu , Yining Hong , Yanjun Wang , Leison Gao , Zibu Wei , Xingcheng Yao , Nanyun Peng , Yonatan Bitton , Idan Szpektor , Kai-Wei Chang

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), it is highly demanded that LLMs can be adopted to make decisions to enable the artificial general intelligence. Most approaches leverage manually crafted examples to prompt the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-15 Xingjin Wang , Linjing Li , Daniel Zeng

Although large language model (LLM) conversational systems process millions of multi-turn dialogues daily, they remain fundamentally reactive: they respond only after the user types a query. A key step toward proactive interaction is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Jiangwang Chen , Bowen Zhang , Zixin Song , Jiazheng Kang , Xiao Yang , Da Zhu , Guanjun Jiang

Instruction tuning is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks and commonly relies on large, diverse corpora. However, small, high-quality subsets, known as coresets, can deliver comparable or superior…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Manish Nagaraj , Sakshi Choudhary , Utkarsh Saxena , Deepak Ravikumar , Kaushik Roy

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-01 Fabian Gloeckle , Badr Youbi Idrissi , Baptiste Rozière , David Lopez-Paz , Gabriel Synnaeve

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Sagnik Chatterjee , Atharva Patil , Sricharan Ramesh

In this work, we introduce LokiLM, a 1.4B parameter large language model trained on 500B tokens. Our model performs strongly in natural language reasoning tasks and achieves state-of-the-art performance among models with 1.5B parameters or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Justin Kiefel , Shrey Shah

Large language models (LLM) trained using the next-token-prediction objective, such as GPT3 and PaLM, have revolutionized natural language processing in recent years by showing impressive zero-shot and few-shot capabilities across a wide…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-01 Hao Liu , Xinyang Geng , Lisa Lee , Igor Mordatch , Sergey Levine , Sharan Narang , Pieter Abbeel

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as re-rankers is shifting recommender systems towards a user-centric paradigm. However, a significant gap remains: current re-rankers often lack mechanisms for fine-grained user…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Wenxi Dai , Wujiang Xu , Pinhuan Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Equipping agents with memory is essential for solving real-world long-horizon problems. However, most existing agent memory mechanisms rely on static and hand-crafted workflows. This limits the performance and generalization ability of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Yupeng Huo , Yaxi Lu , Zhong Zhang , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin

Language models typically need to be trained or finetuned in order to acquire new knowledge, which involves updating their weights. We instead envision language models that can simply read and memorize new data at inference time, thus…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-18 Yuhuai Wu , Markus N. Rabe , DeLesley Hutchins , Christian Szegedy