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In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as an effective approach to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness varies significantly across models and tasks, posing challenges for practitioners to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Dingzriui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Yang Deng

The pretrain-finetuning paradigm in large-scale sequence models has made significant progress in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, such a paradigm is still hindered by several challenges in Reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-16 Runji Lin , Ye Li , Xidong Feng , Zhaowei Zhang , Xian Hong Wu Fung , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang , Yali Du , Yaodong Yang

We study the problem of safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a policy that maximizes long-term reward while satisfying safety constraints given only offline data, without further interaction with the environment.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-11 Haoran Xu , Xianyuan Zhan , Xiangyu Zhu

In-context learning (ICL) in Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a powerful new learning paradigm. However, its underlying mechanism is still not well understood. In particular, it is challenging to map it to the "standard" machine…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Roee Hendel , Mor Geva , Amir Globerson

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where LLMs make predictions based on contexts augmented with a few examples. It…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Qingxiu Dong , Lei Li , Damai Dai , Ce Zheng , Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Heming Xia , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyong Wu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Xu Sun , Lei Li , Zhifang Sui

The potential of offline reinforcement learning (RL) is that high-capacity models trained on large, heterogeneous datasets can lead to agents that generalize broadly, analogously to similar advances in vision and NLP. However, recent works…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-19 Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal , Xinyang Geng , George Tucker , Sergey Levine

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), which seeks to learn an optimal policy using offline data, has garnered significant interest due to its potential in critical applications where online data collection is infeasible or expensive. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-09 Jiin Woo , Laixi Shi , Gauri Joshi , Yuejie Chi

Transformers have demonstrated exceptional in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, enabling applications across natural language processing, computer vision, and sequential decision-making. In reinforcement learning, ICL reframes learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Oliver Dippel , Alexei Lisitsa , Bei Peng

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) has demonstrated effectiveness in a variety of imitation tasks. In this paper, we introduce an IRL framework designed to extract rewarding features from expert trajectories affected by delayed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-05 Simon Sinong Zhan , Qingyuan Wu , Zhian Ruan , Frank Yang , Philip Wang , Yixuan Wang , Ruochen Jiao , Chao Huang , Qi Zhu

Symbolic Regression (SR) holds great potential for uncovering underlying mathematical and physical relationships from observed data. However, the vast combinatorial space of possible expressions poses significant challenges for both online…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Yuan Tian , Wenqi Zhou , Michele Viscione , Hao Dong , David Kammer , Olga Fink

Symbolic Regression (SR) holds great potential for uncovering underlying mathematical and physical relationships from observed data. However, the vast combinatorial space of possible expressions poses significant challenges for both online…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Yuan Tian , Wenqi Zhou , Michele Viscione , Hao Dong , David Kammer , Olga Fink

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is the problem of learning the preferences of an agent from the observations of its behavior on a task. While this problem has been well investigated, the related problem of {\em online} IRL---where the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-19 Saurabh Arora , Prashant Doshi , Bikramjit Banerjee

Pre-trained transformers are able to learn from examples provided as part of the prompt without any weight updates, a remarkable ability known as in-context learning (ICL). Despite its demonstrated efficacy across various domains, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Alexander Hsu , Zhaiming Shen , Wenjing Liao , Rongjie Lai

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) represents a promising paradigm for developing generalist agents that learn at inference time through trial-and-error interactions, analogous to how large language models adapt contextually, but with…

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models to perform few-shot learning by conditioning on labeled examples in the prompt. Despite its flexibility, ICL suffers from instability -- especially as prompt length increases with more…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to solve novel tasks without weight updates. Despite its empirical success, the mechanism behind ICL remains poorly understood, limiting our ability to interpret, improve, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Chengye Li , Haiyun Liu , Yuanxi Li

Many recent language models (LMs) of Transformers family exhibit so-called in-context learning (ICL) ability, manifested in the LMs' ability to modulate their function by a task described in a natural language input. Previous work curating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Michal Štefánik , Marek Kadlčík

Despite the broad application of deep reinforcement learning (RL), transferring and adapting the policy to unseen but similar environments is still a significant challenge. Recently, the language-conditioned policy is proposed to facilitate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-10 Shaohui Peng , Xing Hu , Rui Zhang , Jiaming Guo , Qi Yi , Ruizhi Chen , Zidong Du , Ling Li , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can perform a new task by merely conditioning on task instructions and a few input-output examples, without optimizing any parameters. This is called In-Context Learning (ICL). In-context Information Extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Chaoxu Pang , Yixuan Cao , Qiang Ding , Ping Luo

Reinforcement learning is time-consuming for complex tasks due to the need for large amounts of training data. Recent advances in GPU-based simulation, such as Isaac Gym, have sped up data collection thousands of times on a commodity GPU.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-25 Zechu Li , Tao Chen , Zhang-Wei Hong , Anurag Ajay , Pulkit Agrawal