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While modern internet services, such as chatbots, search engines, and online advertising, demand the use of large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs), distributed training and inference over heterogeneous computing systems are desired to…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Dianhai Yu , Liang Shen , Hongxiang Hao , Weibao Gong , Huachao Wu , Jiang Bian , Lirong Dai , Haoyi Xiong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity in achieving state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. They effectively expand the model capacity while incurring a…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-06-21 Haiyang Huang , Newsha Ardalani , Anna Sun , Liu Ke , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Anjali Sridhar , Shruti Bhosale , Carole-Jean Wu , Benjamin Lee

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models embody the divide-and-conquer concept and are a promising approach for increasing model capacity, demonstrating excellent scalability across multiple domains. In this paper, we integrate the MoE structure…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Xumeng Han , Longhui Wei , Zhiyang Dou , Zipeng Wang , Chenhui Qiang , Xin He , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), a conditional computation architecture, achieved promising performance by scaling local module (i.e. feed-forward network) of transformer. However, scaling the cross-token module (i.e. self-attention) is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-17 Yuxuan Lou , Fuzhao Xue , Zangwei Zheng , Yang You

The parameter size of modern large language models (LLMs) can be scaled up via the sparsely-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique to avoid excessive increase of the computational costs. To further improve training efficiency,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Yunqi Gao , Bing Hu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , A-Long Jin , Yanfeng Zhang , Pei Xiao , Rahim Tafazolli , Merouane Debbah

Contemporary GPUs are designed to handle long-latency operations effectively; however, challenges such as core occupancy (number of warps in a core) and pipeline width can impede their latency management. This is particularly evident in…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-04-10 Diya Joseph , Juan Luis Aragón , Joan-Manuel Parcerisa , Antonio Gonzalez

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has been gaining popularity due to its successful adaptation to large language models (LLMs). In this work, we introduce Privacy-preserving Collaborative Mixture-of-Experts (PC-MoE), which leverages the sparsity of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Ze Yu Zhang , Bolin Ding , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a key architecture for scaling large language models (LLMs) efficiently. Recent fine-grained MoE designs introduce hundreds of experts per layer, with multiple experts activated per token, enabling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Yuanteng Chen , Peisong Wang , Yuantian Shao , Nanxin Zeng , Chang Xu , Jian Cheng

In recent years, the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely applied to large language models (LLMs), providing a promising solution that activates only a subset of the model's parameters during computation, thereby reducing…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Jianmin Hu , Minxian Xu , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enables efficient scaling of large language models (LLMs) with sparsely activated experts during inference. To effectively deploy large MoE models on memory-constrained devices, many systems introduce *expert…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Jingcong Liang , Siyuan Wang , Miren Tian , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhongyu Wei

The Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) model is a widespread distributed and integrated learning method for large language models (LLM), which is favored due to its ability to sparsify and expand models efficiently. However, the performance of MoE…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Xuan He , Li Zeng , Yi Lin , Entong Li , Binfan Zheng , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

With the breakthrough progress of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing and multimodal tasks, efficiently deploying them on resource-constrained edge devices has become a critical challenge. The Mixture of Experts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Tuo Zhang , Ning Li , Xin Yuan , Wenchao Xu , Quan Chen , Song Guo , Haijun Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable sparse expert activation, meaning that only a subset of the model's parameters is used during each inference. However, to translate this sparsity into practical performance, an expert caching mechanism…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Duc Hoang , Ajay Jaiswal , Mohammad Samragh , Minsik Cho

The pervasive "memory wall" bottleneck is significantly amplified in modern large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures. MoE's inherent architectural sparsity leads to sparse arithmetic compute and also introduces substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Jiyuan Zhang , Yining Liu , Siqi Yan , Lisen Deng , Jennifer Cao , Shuqi Yang , Min Ni , Bi Xue , Shen Li

Sparsely Mixture of Experts (MoE) has received great interest due to its promising scaling capability with affordable computational overhead. MoE converts dense layers into sparse experts, and utilizes a gated routing network to make…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-07-20 Yuan Xie , Shaohan Huang , Tianyu Chen , Furu Wei

Modern deployments of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require serving multiple models with diverse architectures, sizes, and specialization on shared, heterogeneous hardware. This setting introduces new challenges for resource…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Mert Yildiz , Pietro Spadaccino , Alexey Rolich , Francesca Cuomo , Andrea Baiocchi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a popular architecture for scaling large models. However, the rapidly growing scale outpaces model training on a single DC, driving a shift toward a more flexible, cross-DC training paradigm. Under this,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Ningke Li , Yanqi Pan , Qiyang Zheng , Wen Xia , Shiyi Li , Qiang Wang

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale capacity by routing each token to a small subset of experts. However, their routers exhibit a fundamental trade-off: strong load balancing can suppress expert specialization, while aggressive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Gleb Molodtsov , Alexander Miasnikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has increasingly been adopted to further scale large language models (LLMs). However, frequent failures still pose significant challenges as training scales. The cost of even a single…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Yongji Wu , Wenjie Qu , Xueshen Liu , Tianyang Tao , Yifan Qiao , Zhuang Wang , Wei Bai , Yuan Tian , Jiaheng Zhang , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

In multi-GPU Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) network, experts are distributed across different GPUs, which creates load imbalance as each expert processes different number of tokens. Recent works improve MoE inference load balance by dynamically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Haiyue Ma , Zhixu Du , Yiran Chen