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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has shown significant promise for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, prevailing algorithms like GRPO broadcast a uniform advantage signal…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Can Xie , Ruotong Pan , Xiangyu Wu , Yunfei Zhang , Jiayi Fu , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Existing methods to enhance the reasoning capability of large language models predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by reinforcement learning (RL) on reasoning-specific data. These approaches critically depend on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Qingyang Zhang , Haitao Wu , Changqing Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Yatao Bian

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an important paradigm for unlocking reasoning capabilities in large language models, exemplified by the success of OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1. Currently, Group Relative…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Shijie Zhang , Kevin Zhang , Zheyuan Gu , Xiang Guo , Rujun Guo , Shaoyu Liu , Guanjun Jiang , Xiaozhao Wang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown great promise in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large reasoning models (LRMs). However, it suffers from a critical issue: entropy collapse and premature convergence.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yuxian Jiang , Yafu Li , Guanxu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Yu Cheng , Jing Shao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) demonstrates promising potential in advancing the reasoning capabilities of LLMs. However, its success remains largely confined to mathematical and code domains. This primary limitation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Tianyu Yu , Bo Ji , Shouli Wang , Shu Yao , Zefan Wang , Ganqu Cui , Lifan Yuan , Ning Ding , Yuan Yao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-making tasks, where not only accuracy but also reliable confidence estimates are essential. Well-calibrated confidence enables downstream systems to decide when to trust a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Zheng Qi , Siddharth Varia , Srikanth Doss , Nikolaos Pappas

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a critical method for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, continuous training often leads to policy entropy collapse,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Kun Chen , Peng Shi , Fanfan Liu , Haibo Qiu , Zhixiong Zeng , Siqi Yang , Wenji Mao

Value estimation is one key problem in Reinforcement Learning. Albeit many successes have been achieved by Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in different fields, the underlying structure and learning dynamics of value function, especially…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-22 Tong Sang , Hongyao Tang , Jianye Hao , Yan Zheng , Zhaopeng Meng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained with reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR), yet real-world deployment demands models that can self-improve without labels or external judges. Existing self-improvement…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning, yet current methods face key challenges in resource allocation and policy optimization dynamics: (i) uniform rollout…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Yangyi Fang , Jiaye Lin , Xiaoliang Fu , Cong Qin , Haolin Shi , Chaowen Hu , Lu Pan , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to create a decision-making agent for autonomous driving. However, previous approaches provide only black-box solutions, which do not offer information on how confident the agent is about its…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-04-18 Carl-Johan Hoel , Krister Wolff , Leo Laine

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a highly effective method for improving the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent research shows that Negative Sample Reinforcement (NSR) -- which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Yash Ingle , Jaival Chauhan , Ankit Yadav , Sudhakar Mishra

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently strengthened LLM reasoning, but its focus on final answer correctness leaves a critical gap: it does not ensure the robustness of the reasoning process itself. We adopt a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Hyunseok Lee , Soheil Abbasloo , Jihoon Tack , Jinwoo Shin

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is an essential paradigm that enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods typically rely on static policy optimization schemes that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Yiming Huang , Zhenbo Shi , Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Peiyi Han , Chuanyi Liu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been widely adopted as the de facto method for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models and has demonstrated notable success in verifiable domains like math and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Jeff Da , Clinton Wang , Xiang Deng , Yuntao Ma , Nikhil Barhate , Sean Hendryx

In Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), constructing a robust advantage baseline is critical for policy gradients, effectively guiding the policy model to reinforce desired behaviors. Recent research has introduced…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Yi-Kai Zhang , Yueqing Sun , Hongyan Hao , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Constructing valid prediction intervals rather than point estimates is a well-established approach for uncertainty quantification in the regression setting. Models equipped with this capacity output an interval of values in which the ground…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-02-07 Thomas Pouplin , Alan Jeffares , Nabeel Seedat , Mihaela van der Schaar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially improved the ability of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with environments and solve multi-turn tasks. However, effective agentic RL remains challenging: sparse outcome-only rewards…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning but suffers from advantage collapse on ``hard samples'' where all rollouts fail. This lack of variance eliminates crucial learning signals.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xinyu Lu , Kaiqi Zhang , Jinglin Yang , Boxi Cao , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Min He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

We show that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) can elicit strong mathematical reasoning in certain language models even with spurious rewards that have little, no, or even negative correlation with the correct answer.…