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Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate autoregressive inference in large language models (LLMs). Self-draft methods, which leverage the base LLM itself for speculation, avoid the overhead of auxiliary draft…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Zhuofan Wen , Yang Feng

Autoregressive decoding is bottlenecked by its sequential nature. Speculative decoding has become a standard way to accelerate inference by using a fast draft model to predict upcoming tokens from a slower target model, and then verifying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Tanishq Kumar , Tri Dao , Avner May

Recently, speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a promising technique to accelerate LLM inference by employing a small draft model to propose draft tokens in advance, and validating them in parallel with the large target model. However,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Yuhao Shen , Junyi Shen , Quan Kong , Tianyu Liu , Yao Lu , Cong Wang

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by using smaller draft models to generate candidate tokens for parallel verification. However, current approaches are limited by sequential stage dependencies that prevent full…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang , Yunhai Hu , Zining Liu

Continuous visual autoregressive (AR) models have demonstrated promising performance in image generation. However, the heavy autoregressive inference burden imposes significant overhead. In Large Language Models (LLMs), speculative decoding…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zili Wang , Robert Zhang , Kun Ding , Qi Yang , Fei Li , Shiming Xiang

Speculative sampling is a popular technique for accelerating inference in Large Language Models by generating candidate tokens using a fast draft model and accepting or rejecting them based on the target model's distribution. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Valentin De Bortoli , Alexandre Galashov , Arthur Gretton , Arnaud Doucet

Scaling test-time compute has driven the recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), typically by allocating additional computation for more thorough exploration. However, increased compute often comes at…

The demand for large language model inference is rapidly increasing. Pipeline parallelism offers a cost-effective deployment strategy for distributed inference but suffers from high service latency. While incorporating speculative decoding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Haofei Yin , Mengbai Xiao , Tinghong Li , Xiao Zhang , Dongxiao Yu , Guanghui Zhang

Speculative decoding is a widely used technique for accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs), but its performance degrades as input length grows, with significant drops even at moderate lengths. Yet, this early degradation has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jungyoub Cha , Hyunjong Kim , Sungzoon Cho

Large language models incur high inference latency due to sequential autoregressive decoding. Speculative decoding alleviates this bottleneck by using a lightweight draft model to propose multiple tokens for batched verification. However,…

In recent years, deep learning techniques have made significant strides in molecular generation for specific targets, driving advancements in drug discovery. However, existing molecular generation methods present significant limitations:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Taojie Kuang , Qianli Ma , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Yu Wang , Qiang , Cheng , Zhixiang Ren

Autoregressive language models suffer from high inference latency due to their sequential decoding nature. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this by employing a lightweight draft model to propose candidate tokens, which are selectively…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Yijun Lin , Jinhao Sheng , Qingyue Cai , Feng Zhou

Speculative decoding (SD), where a small draft model is employed to propose draft tokens in advance and then the target model validates them in parallel, has emerged as a promising technique for LLM inference acceleration. Many endeavors to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Hao Li , Xing Gao , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

Speculative Decoding is a widely used technique to speed up inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing quality. When performing inference, speculative decoding uses a smaller draft model to generate speculative tokens…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Minghao Yan , Saurabh Agarwal , Shivaram Venkataraman

Sequential dependencies present a fundamental bottleneck in deploying large-scale autoregressive models, particularly for real-time applications. While traditional optimization approaches like pruning and quantization often compromise model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Yunhai Hu , Zining Liu , Zhenyuan Dong , Tianfan Peng , Bradley McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

Protein fitness optimization involves finding a protein sequence that maximizes desired quantitative properties in a combinatorially large design space of possible sequences. Recent advances in steering protein generative models (e.g.,…

生物大分子 · 定量生物学 2025-10-22 Jason Yang , Wenda Chu , Daniel Khalil , Raul Astudillo , Bruce J. Wittmann , Frances H. Arnold , Yisong Yue

Proteins are the fundamental macromolecules that play diverse and crucial roles in all living matter and have tremendous implications in healthcare, manufacturing, and biotechnology. Their functions are largely determined by the sequences…

生物大分子 · 定量生物学 2024-09-17 Boqiao Lai

Adapting large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning (RL) is often bottlenecked by the generation stage, which can consume over 75\% of the training time. Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates autoregressive generation in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Qiaoling Chen , Zijun Liu , Peng Sun , Shenggui Li , Guoteng Wang , Ziming Liu , Yonggang Wen , Siyuan Feng , Tianwei Zhang

This tutorial presents a comprehensive introduction to Speculative Decoding (SD), an advanced technique for LLM inference acceleration that has garnered significant research interest in recent years. SD is introduced as an innovative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Heming Xia , Cunxiao Du , Yongqi Li , Qian Liu , Wenjie Li

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems based on transformer architectures, such as Whisper, offer high transcription accuracy and robustness. However, their autoregressive decoding is computationally expensive, hence limiting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Tuan Vu Ho , Hiroaki Kokubo , Masaaki Yamamoto , Yohei Kawaguchi