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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Models via expert specialization induced by conditional computation. In practice, however, expert specialization often fails: some experts become functionally similar, while others…

With growing demand for interpretability in deep learning, especially in high stakes domains, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) address this by inserting human understandable concepts into the prediction pipeline, but they are generally…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Jiakai Lin , Jinchang Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Domain-specific adaptation is critical to maximizing the performance of pre-trained language models (PLMs) on one or multiple targeted tasks, especially under resource-constrained use cases, such as edge devices. However, existing methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Peter Schafhalter , Shun Liao , Yanqi Zhou , Chih-Kuan Yeh , Arun Kandoor , James Laudon

In this paper, we aim to build a robust question answering system that can adapt to out-of-domain datasets. A single network may overfit to the superficial correlation in the training distribution, but with a meaningful number of expert…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-21 Yu Qing Zhou , Xixuan Julie Liu , Yuanzhe Dong

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models improve transformer efficiency but lack a unified theoretical explanation, especially when both feed-forward and attention layers are allowed to specialize. To this end, we study the Mixture-of-Transformers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Hongbo Li , Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

How to reduce compute and memory requirements of neural networks (NNs) without sacrificing performance? Many recent works use sparse Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) to build resource-efficient large language models (LMs). Here we introduce…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-22 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has garnered significant attention for its ability to scale up neural networks while utilizing the same or even fewer active parameters. However, MoE does not alleviate the massive memory requirements of networks,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Mingyu Cao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Jiaqi Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Li Shen , Xiaolong Ma , Shiwei Liu , Lu Yin

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach to decoupling model capacity from computational cost. At the core of the MoE model is the router, which learns the underlying clustering structure of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Stefan K. Nielsen , Rachel S. Y. Teo , Laziz U. Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers have emerged as an important tool in scaling up modern neural networks by decoupling total trainable parameters from activated parameters in the forward pass for each token. However, sparse MoEs add…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Tianze Jiang , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan , Boris Hanin

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning has demonstrated promising results across various visual adaptation tasks, such as classification and segmentation. Typically, prompt tuning techniques have harnessed knowledge from a single pre-trained…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Shentong Mo , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer

The application of mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining popularity due to its ability to improve model's performance. In an MoE structure, the gate layer plays a significant role in distinguishing and routing input features to different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Zhitian Xie , Yinger Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Qitao Shi , Zhining Liu , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models achieve efficient scaling through sparse expert activation, but often suffer from suboptimal routing decisions due to distribution shifts in deployment. While existing test-time adaptation methods could…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Guinan Su , Yanwu Yang , Li Shen , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Jonas Geiping

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Mixture of Experts (MoE), an ensemble of specialized models equipped with a router that dynamically distributes each input to appropriate experts, has achieved successful results in the field of machine learning. However, theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Ryotaro Kawata , Kohsei Matsutani , Yuri Kinoshita , Naoki Nishikawa , Taiji Suzuki

Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have achieved remarkable performance on vision-language tasks. However, we identify a puzzling phenomenon termed Seeing but Not Thinking: models accurately perceive image content yet fail in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Haolei Xu , Haiwen Hong , Hongxing Li , Rui Zhou , Yang Zhang , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Diffusion policies have emerged as a powerful framework for robotic visuomotor control, yet they often lack the robustness to recover from subtask failures in long-horizon, multi-stage tasks and their learned representations of observations…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Baiye Cheng , Tianhai Liang , Suning Huang , Maanping Shao , Feihong Zhang , Botian Xu , Zhengrong Xue , Huazhe Xu