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Benchmarks underpin how progress in large language models (LLMs) is measured and trusted. Yet our analyses reveal that apparent convergence in benchmark accuracy can conceal deep epistemic divergence. Using two major reasoning benchmarks -…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Eddie Yang , Dashun Wang

Evaluating natural language generation (NLG) systems remains a core challenge of natural language processing (NLP), further complicated by the rise of large language models (LLMs) that aims to be general-purpose. Recently, large language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Khaoula Chehbouni , Mohammed Haddou , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Golnoosh Farnadi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted as automated judges in benchmarking and reward modeling, ensuring their reliability, efficiency, and robustness has become critical. In this work, we present a systematic comparison…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Pratik Jayarao , Himanshu Gupta , Neeraj Varshney , Chaitanya Dwivedi

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have advanced rapidly; however, existing benchmarks in mathematics, code, and common-sense reasoning remain limited. They lack long-context evaluation, offer insufficient challenge, and provide answers that are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Qifan Zhang , Jianhao Ruan , Aochuan Chen , Kang Zeng , Nuo Chen , Jing Tang , Jia Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

LLM-as-judge evaluation has become standard practice for open-ended model assessment; however, judges exhibit systematic biases that cannot be averaged out by increasing the number of scenarios or generations. These biases are often similar…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ziyi Zhu , Olivier Tieleman , Alexey Bukhtiyarov , Jinghong Chen

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely utilized as an evaluation method in various benchmarks and served as supervised rewards in model training. However, despite their excellence in many domains, potential issues are under-explored, undermining…

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly considered for automated assessment and feedback, understanding when LLM marking can be trusted is essential. We evaluate LLM-as-a-judge marking across three physics assessment formats -…

物理教育 · 物理学 2026-03-17 Will Yeadon , Tom Hardy , Paul Mackay , Elise Agra

Large language models (LLMs) can generate persuasive narratives at scale, raising concerns about their potential use in disinformation campaigns. Assessing this risk ultimately requires understanding how readers receive such content. In…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Zonghuan Xu , Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Xingjun Ma

With the recent appearance of LLMs in practical settings, having methods that can effectively detect factual inconsistencies is crucial to reduce the propagation of misinformation and improve trust in model outputs. When testing on existing…

Public benchmarks increasingly govern how large language models (LLMs) are ranked, selected, and deployed. We frame this benchmark-centered regime as Silicon Bureaucracy and AI Test-Oriented Education, and argue that it rests on a fragile…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Yiliang Song , Hongjun An , Jiangan Chen , Xuanchen Yan , Huan Song , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Recent studies have raised significant concerns regarding the reliability of current mathematics benchmarks, highlighting issues such as simplistic design and potential data contamination. Consequently, developing a reliable benchmark that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Zijin Hong , Hao Wu , Su Dong , Junnan Dong , Yilin Xiao , Yujing Zhang , Zhu Wang , Feiran Huang , Linyi Li , Hongxia Yang , Xiao Huang

In this paper, we argue that current safety alignment research efforts for large language models are hindered by many intertwined sources of noise, such as small datasets, methodological inconsistencies, and unreliable evaluation setups.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Tim Beyer , Sophie Xhonneux , Simon Geisler , Gauthier Gidel , Leo Schwinn , Stephan Günnemann

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as automated judges, where practical value depends on both accuracy and trustworthy, risk-aware judgments. Existing approaches predominantly focus on accuracy, overlooking the necessity of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Zailong Tian , Zhuoheng Han , Yanzhe Chen , Haozhe Xu , Xi Yang , Richeng Xuan , Houfeng Wang , Lizi Liao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a prominent method for post-training Large Language Models (LLMs). However, verifiers are rarely error-free; even deterministic checks can be inaccurate, and the growing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Andreas Plesner , Francisco Guzmán , Anish Athalye

Large language models (LLMs) are stochastic, and not all models give deterministic answers, even when setting temperature to zero with a fixed random seed. However, few benchmark studies attempt to quantify uncertainty, partly due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Robert E. Blackwell , Jon Barry , Anthony G. Cohn

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in data-constrained scientific workflows, where correctness and validity are critical. However, evaluation practices often emphasize stability or reproducibility…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Nazia Riasat

The integrity of AI benchmarks is fundamental to accurately assess the capabilities of AI systems. The internal validity of these benchmarks - i.e., making sure they are free from confounding factors - is crucial for ensuring that they are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Marko Tesic , Lucy G. Cheke , José Hernández-Orallo

Commonly, AI or machine learning (ML) models are evaluated on benchmark datasets. This practice supports innovative methodological research, but benchmark performance can be poorly correlated with performance in real-world applications -- a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Olivier Binette , Jerome P. Reiter

This study explores the robustness of label noise classifiers, aiming to enhance model resilience against noisy data in complex real-world scenarios. Label noise in supervised learning, characterized by erroneous or imprecise labels,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-13 Cheng Zeng , Yixuan Xu , Jiaqi Tian