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The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) is having an growing impact on the climate due to the substantial energy required for their deployment and use. To create awareness for developers who are implementing LLMs in their products,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 K. Pronk , Q. Zhao

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks raises concerns about energy efficiency and sustainability. While prior research has largely focused on energy consumption during model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Johannes Zschache , Tilman Hartwig

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications forming multi-request workflows like document summarization, search-based copilots, and multi-agent programming. While these workflows unlock richer functionality, they also…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Md. Monzurul Amin Ifath , Israat Haque

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices presents significant challenges due to computational constraints, memory limitations, inference speed, and energy consumption. Model quantization has emerged as a key technique to…

Both the training and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) require large amounts of energy. Their increasing popularity, therefore, raises critical concerns regarding the energy efficiency and sustainability of data centers that host them.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Grant Wilkins , Srinivasan Keshav , Richard Mortier

Large language model (LLM) queries are predominantly processed by frontier models in centralized cloud infrastructure. Demand growth strains this paradigm faster than providers can scale. Two advances create an opportunity to rethink it:…

As AI's energy demand continues to grow, it is critical to enhance the understanding of characteristics of this demand, to improve grid infrastructure planning and environmental assessment. By combining empirical measurements from…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Alex C. Newkirk , Jared Fernandez , Jonathan Koomey , Imran Latif , Emma Strubell , Arman Shehabi , Constantine Samaras

Large language models have become central to many AI applications, but their growing energy consumption raises serious sustainability concerns. A key limitation in current AI deployments is the reliance on a one-size-fits-all inference…

The AI datacenters are currently being deployed on a large scale to support the training and deployment of power-intensive large-language models (LLMs). Extensive amount of computation and cooling required in datacenters increase concerns…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-01-14 Nardos Belay Abera , Yize Chen

To address the growing demand for on-device LLM inference in resource-constrained environments, hybrid language models (HLM) have emerged, combining lightweight local models with powerful cloud-based LLMs. Recent studies on HLM have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Jihoon Park , Seungeun Oh , Seong-Lyun Kim

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the high power consumption of AI accelerators in datacenters presents significant challenges, substantially increasing the total cost of ownership (TCO) for cloud service providers (CSPs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jiwoo Kim , Joonhyung Lee , Gunho Park , Byeongwook Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee , Youngjoo Lee

Deep learning models in computer vision have achieved significant success but pose increasing concerns about energy consumption and sustainability. Despite these concerns, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their energy…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Zeyu Yang , Karel Adamek , Wesley Armour

Multi-tenant AI inference platforms must balance resource utilization against service-level guarantees under variable demand. Conventional approaches fail to achieve this balance: dedicated endpoints strand capacity on idle models, while…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 William J. Cunningham

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity due to their new generative capabilities that go far beyond prior state-of-the-art. These technologies are increasingly being leveraged in various domains such as law, finance, and…

While the large energy consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is recognized by the community, system operators lack guidance for energy-efficient LLM inference deployments that leverage energy trade-offs of heterogeneous hardware due…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Mauricio Fadel Argerich , Jonathan Fürst , Marta Patiño-Martínez

Large Language Model (LLM) inference on large-scale systems is expected to dominate future cloud infrastructures. Efficient LLM inference in cloud environments with numerous AI accelerators is challenging, necessitating extensive…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Ilias Bournias , Lukas Cavigelli , Georgios Zacharopoulos

The rise of IoT has increased the need for on-edge machine learning, with TinyML emerging as a promising solution for resource-constrained devices such as MCU. However, evaluating their performance remains challenging due to diverse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Pietro Bartoli , Christian Veronesi , Andrea Giudici , David Siorpaes , Diana Trojaniello , Franco Zappa

Immediate feedback is a foundational requirement of effective AI-mediated learning, yet the energy and latency costs of delivering it remain largely unexamined. This study investigates the latency-energy-learning trade-off in AI tutoring…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Kushal Khemani

The growing demand for data center capacity, driven by the growth of high-performance computing, cloud computing, and especially artificial intelligence, has led to a sharp increase in data center energy consumption. To improve energy…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Jonathan Bader , Julius Irion , Jannis Kappel , Joel Witzke , Niklas Fomin , Diellza Sherifi , Odej Kao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction, their reliance on power-hungry GPUs places ever-increasing energy demands, raising environmental and monetary concerns. Inference dominates LLM workloads, presenting a critical challenge for…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Andreas Kosmas Kakolyris , Dimosthenis Masouros , Petros Vavaroutsos , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris