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Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general natural language processing tasks but often fall short in complex reasoning tasks. Recent studies have explored human-like problem-solving strategies, such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Zhenran Xu , Senbao Shi , Baotian Hu , Jindi Yu , Dongfang Li , Min Zhang , Yuxiang Wu

Self-evaluation using large language models (LLMs) has proven valuable not only in benchmarking but also methods like reward modeling, constitutional AI, and self-refinement. But new biases are introduced due to the same LLM acting as both…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Arjun Panickssery , Samuel R. Bowman , Shi Feng

LLM-as-a-judge is a framework where a large language model (LLM) evaluates the output of another LLM. While LLMs excel at producing qualitative textual evaluations, they often struggle to predict human preferences and numeric scores. We…

Can LLMs consistently improve their previous outputs for better results? For this to be true, LLMs would need to be better at discriminating among previously-generated alternatives, than generating initial responses. We explore the validity…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-09 Dongwei Jiang , Jingyu Zhang , Orion Weller , Nathaniel Weir , Benjamin Van Durme , Daniel Khashabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to autonomously evaluate the quality of content in communication systems, e.g., to assess responses in telecom customer support chatbots. However, the impartiality of these AI…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Jiaxin Gao , Chen Chen , Yanwen Jia , Xueluan Gong , Kwok-Yan Lam , Qian Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse domains, yet they still encounter challenges such as insufficient domain-specific knowledge, biases, and hallucinations. This underscores the need for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Hongliu Cao , Ilias Driouich , Robin Singh , Eoin Thomas

Previous research has shown that LLMs have potential in multilingual NLG evaluation tasks. However, existing research has not fully explored the differences in the evaluation capabilities of LLMs across different languages. To this end,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Jiayi Chang , Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

LLMs have emerged as powerful evaluators in the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm, offering significant efficiency and flexibility compared to human judgments. However, previous methods primarily rely on single-point evaluations, overlooking the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Luyu Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Haoran Tan , Quanyu Dai , Hao Yang , Zhenhua Dong , Xu Chen

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) reflect diverse user values and preferences is crucial as their user bases expand globally. It is therefore encouraging to see the growing interest in LLM personalization within the research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Nigel Collier

The progress of AI is bottlenecked by the quality of evaluation, making powerful LLM-as-a-Judge models a core solution. The efficacy of these judges depends on their chain-of-thought reasoning, creating a critical need for methods that can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Chenxi Whitehouse , Tianlu Wang , Ping Yu , Xian Li , Jason Weston , Ilia Kulikov , Swarnadeep Saha

This paper presents the first systematic comparison investigating whether Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are superior judges to non-reasoning LLMs. Our empirical analysis yields four key findings: 1) LRMs outperform non-reasoning LLMs in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Hui Huang , Xuanxin Wu , Muyun Yang , Yuki Arase

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI-generated content evaluation, with the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm becoming increasingly popular. However, current single-LLM evaluation approaches face significant challenges, including…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yiyue Qian , Shinan Zhang , Yun Zhou , Haibo Ding , Diego Socolinsky , Yi Zhang

As LLMs rapidly saturate existing benchmarks, automated benchmark creation using LLMs (LLM-as-a-benchmark) -- where a model generates test inputs (LLM-as-a-testset) and evaluates outputs (LLM-as-an-evaluator) -- has gained traction as a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Wenda Xu , Sweta Agrawal , Vilém Zouhar , Markus Freitag , Daniel Deutsch

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly surpassing human knowledge in many domains. While improving these models traditionally relies on costly human data, recent self-rewarding mechanisms (Yuan et al., 2024) have shown that LLMs can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-31 Tianhao Wu , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Jing Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiantao Jiao , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

The potential of using Large Language Models (LLMs) themselves to evaluate LLM outputs offers a promising method for assessing model performance across various contexts. Previous research indicates that LLM-as-a-judge exhibits a strong…

There is an increasing trend towards evaluating NLP models with LLMs instead of human judgments, raising questions about the validity of these evaluations, as well as their reproducibility in the case of proprietary models. We provide…

Existing LLM-as-a-Judge systems suffer from three fundamental limitations: limited adaptivity to task- and domain-specific evaluation criteria, systematic biases driven by non-semantic cues such as position, length, format, and model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Bo Yang , Lanfei Feng , Yunkui Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiao Xu , Shijian Li

Large language models (LLMs) can serve as judges that offer rapid and reliable assessments of other LLM outputs. However, models may systematically assign overly favorable ratings to their own outputs, a phenomenon known as self-bias, which…

Most research about natural language generation (NLG) relies on evaluation benchmarks with limited references for a sample, which may result in poor correlations with human judgements. The underlying reason is that one semantic meaning can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Tianyi Tang , Hongyuan Lu , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Haoyang Huang , Dongdong Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Tom Kocmi , Furu Wei