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Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) involves assigning documents to labels organized within a taxonomy. Most previous research on HTC has focused on supervised methods. However, in real-world scenarios, employing supervised HTC can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Qianbo Zang , Christophe Zgrzendek , Igor Tchappi , Afshin Khadangi , Johannes Sedlmeir

Interpretability is crucial for building safe, reliable, and controllable language models, yet existing interpretability pipelines remain costly and difficult to scale. Interpreting a new model typically requires training model-specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Bruno Puri , Jim Berend , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek

Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification (HMC) faces critical challenges in maintaining structural consistency and balancing loss weighting in Multi-Task Learning (MTL). In order to address these issues, we propose a classifier called HCAL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-20 Ruobing Jiang , Mengzhe Liu , Haobing Liu , Yanwei Yu

In the competitive landscape of sponsored search, balancing retrieval quality with production latency is a critical challenge. While large retrieval models based on Small Language Models (SLMs) such as Qwen3-Embedding-4B/8B set strong upper…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Vipul Gupta , Shikhar Mohan , Lakshya Kumar , Pranjal Chitale , Nikit Begwani , Amit Singh , Manik Varma

Effective and controllable data selection is critical for LLM instruction tuning, especially with massive open-source datasets. Existing approaches primarily rely on instance-level quality scores, or diversity metrics based on embedding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Zihan Niu , Wenping Hu , Junmin Chen , Xiyue Wang , Tong Xu , Ruiming Tang

Acquiring labelled training data remains a costly task in real world machine learning projects to meet quantity and quality requirements. Recently Large Language Models (LLMs), notably GPT-4, have shown great promises in labelling data with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Thomas Walshe , Sae Young Moon , Chunyang Xiao , Yawwani Gunawardana , Fran Silavong

LLMs demonstrate strong performance in auto-mated software engineering, particularly for code generation and issue resolution. While proprietary models like GPT-4o achieve high benchmarks scores on SWE-bench, their API dependence, cost, and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yibo Wang , Zhihao Peng , Ying Wang , Zhao Wei , Hai Yu , Zhiliang Zhu

Analyzing non-compilable C/C++ submodules without a resolved build environment remains a critical bottleneck for industrial software evolution. Traditional static analysis tools often fail in these scenarios due to their reliance on…

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) is a natural language processing task with the objective to classify text documents into a set of classes from a structured class hierarchy. Many HTC approaches have been proposed which attempt to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Jaco du Toit , Herman Redelinghuys , Marcel Dunaiski

Tax code prediction is a crucial yet underexplored task in automating invoicing and compliance management for large-scale e-commerce platforms. Each product must be accurately mapped to a node within a multi-level taxonomic hierarchy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Jihang Li , Qing Liu , Zulong Chen , Jing Wang , Wei Wang , Chuanfei Xu , Zeyi Wen

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3, OPT, and LLaMA have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in a wide range of tasks. However, training these models can incur significant expenses, often requiring tens of thousands of GPUs for months…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-30 Fei Yang , Shuang Peng , Ning Sun , Fangyu Wang , Yuanyuan Wang , Fu Wu , Jiezhong Qiu , Aimin Pan

Full truckload transportation (FTL) in the form of freight containers represents one of the most important transportation modes in international trade. Due to large volume and scale, in FTL, delivery time is often less critical but cost and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-12-14 Ning Xue , Ruibin Bai , Rong Qu , Uwe Aickelin

Labeled Transition Systems (LTS) are integral to model checking and design repair tools. System engineers frequently examine LTS designs during model checking or design repair to debug, identify inconsistencies, and validate system…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Abhijit Paul , Proma Chowdhury , Kazi Sakib

Understanding the decision-making processes of large language models (LLMs) is essential for their trustworthy development and deployment. However, current interpretability methods often face challenges such as low resolution and high…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Tian Lan , Jinyuan Xu , Xue He , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Lei Li

The precipitous rise and adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) have shattered expectations with the fastest adoption rate of any consumer-facing technology in history. Healthcare, a field that traditionally uses NLP techniques, was bound…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Surjya Ray , Pratik Mehta , Hongen Zhang , Ada Chaman , Jian Wang , Chung-Jen Ho , Michael Chiou , Tashfeen Suleman

Effectively training Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex, long-CoT reasoning is often bottlenecked by the need for massive high-quality reasoning data. Existing methods are either computationally expensive or fail to reliably…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Xiaoyuan Li , Yubo Ma , Chengpeng Li , Fengbin Zhu , Yiyao Yu , Keqin Bao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu

Aligning general-purpose large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks often incurs significant training adjustment costs. Prior research has explored various avenues to enhance alignment efficiency, primarily through minimal-data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Hao Chen , Haoze Li , Zhiqing Xiao , Lirong Gao , Qi Zhang , Xiaomeng Hu , Ningtao Wang , Xing Fu , Junbo Zhao

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) improves the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by allocating additional compute during inference. We conduct a structured survey of TTS methods and categorize them into sampling-based,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Ho-Lam Chung , Teng-Yun Hsiao , Hsiao-Ying Huang , Chunerh Cho , Jian-Ren Lin , Zhang Ziwei , Yun-Nung Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a pivotal research area, yet the attention module remains a critical bottleneck in LLM inference, even with techniques like KVCache to mitigate redundant computations. While various top-$k$…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in reasoning and tool use, they often fail to generate optimal, grounded solutions under complex constraints. Real-world travel planning exemplifies these challenges,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Jihye Choi , Jinsung Yoon , Jiefeng Chen , Somesh Jha , Tomas Pfister