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Inference-time reasoning scaling has significantly advanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex problem-solving. A prevalent approach involves external search guided by Process Reward Models (PRMs). However, a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Zeen Song , Zihao Ma , Wenwen Qiang , Changwen Zheng , Gang Hua

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have revolutionized complex problem-solving, yet they exhibit a pervasive "overthinking", generating unnecessarily long reasoning chains. While current solutions improve token efficiency, they often sacrifice…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Weiyang Huang , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Xinyang Chen , Yibin Chen , Weili Guan , Min Zhang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks. However, SFT can have difficulty generalizing when the underlying data distribution…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Mrinal Rawat , Arkajyoti Chakraborty , Neha Gupta , Roberto Pieraccini

Modern large language models (LLMs) are increasingly fine-tuned via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) or related reward optimisation schemes. While such procedures improve perceived helpfulness, we investigate whether…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Subramanyam Sahoo

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown significant capability in vision-language understanding. However, one critical issue that persists in these models is sycophancy, where models are unduly influenced by leading or deceptive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yunpu Zhao , Rui Zhang , Junbin Xiao , Changxin Ke , Ruibo Hou , Yifan Hao , Ling Li

Reinforcement finetuning (RFT) has shown great potential for enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it is often sample- and compute-inefficient, requiring extensive training. In this work, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Taiwei Shi , Yiyang Wu , Linxin Song , Tianyi Zhou , Jieyu Zhao

Generative foundation models are susceptible to implicit biases that can arise from extensive unsupervised training data. Such biases can produce suboptimal samples, skewed outcomes, and unfairness, with potentially serious consequences.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-04 Hanze Dong , Wei Xiong , Deepanshu Goyal , Yihan Zhang , Winnie Chow , Rui Pan , Shizhe Diao , Jipeng Zhang , Kashun Shum , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically fine-tuned for reasoning tasks through a two-stage pipeline of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by Reinforcement Learning (RL), a process fraught with catastrophic forgetting and suboptimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Lixuan He , Jie Feng , Yong Li

Reinforcement learning exhibits potential in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models, yet it is hard to scale for the low sample efficiency during the rollout phase. Existing methods attempt to improve efficiency by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Deyang Kong , Qi Guo , Xiangyu Xi , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) excel at comprehending human instructions and demonstrate remarkable results across a broad spectrum of tasks. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and AI Feedback (RLAIF) further refine LLMs by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Ju-Seung Byun , Jiyun Chun , Jihyung Kil , Andrew Perrault

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is the standard paradigm for domain adaptation, yet it frequently incurs the cost of catastrophic forgetting. In sharp contrast, on-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) effectively preserves general capabilities.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Muxi Diao , Lele Yang , Wuxuan Gong , Yutong Zhang , Zhonghao Yan , Yufei Han , Kongming Liang , Weiran Xu , Zhanyu Ma

Recent advances in Omni models have enabled unified multimodal perception and generation. However, most existing systems still exhibit rigid reasoning behaviors, either overthinking simple problems or failing to reason when necessary. To…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Dongchao Yang , Songxiang Liu , Disong Wang , Yuanyuan Wang , Guanglu Wan , Helen Meng

Latent reasoning represents a new development in Transformer language models that has shown potential in compressing reasoning lengths compared to chain-of-thought reasoning. By directly passing the information-rich previous final latent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Alex Ning , Yen-Ling Kuo , Gabe Gomes

Existing reinforcement learning approaches for Large Language Models typically perform policy optimization at the granularity of individual tokens or entire response sequences. However, such formulations often misalign with the natural…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Lei Gao , Zhuoming Li , Mengxi Jia , Jiakang Yuan , Hongbo Sun , Hao Sun , Xuelong Li

Training large reasoning models (LRMs) with reinforcement learning in STEM domains is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality, diverse, and verifiable problem sets. Existing synthesis methods, such as Chain-of-Thought prompting, often…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have empowered autonomous web agents to execute natural language instructions directly on real-world webpages. However, existing agents often struggle with complex tasks involving dynamic…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Lingfeng Zhang , Yongan Sun , Jinpeng Hu , Hui Ma , Yang Ying , Kuien Liu , Zenglin Shi , Meng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are known to abandon their initial stance to conform to user pushback. While prior research largely attributes this behavior to sycophancy learned during reinforcement learning from human feedback, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kevin H. Guo , Chao Yan , Avinash Baidya , Katherine Brown , Xiang Gao , Juming Xiong , Zhijun Yin , Bradley A. Malin

Large Language Models exhibit sycophancy: prioritizing agreeableness over correctness. Current remedies evaluate reasoning outcomes: RLHF rewards correct answers, self-correction critiques outputs. All require ground truth, which is often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Edward Y. Chang

Recent advancements in flow-matching have enabled high-quality text-to-image generation. However, the deterministic nature of flow-matching models makes them poorly suited for reinforcement learning, a key tool for improving image quality…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Benjamin Yu , Jackie Liu , Justin Cui

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities in conducting conversations based on image inputs. However, we observe that MLLMs exhibit a pronounced form of visual sycophantic behavior. While similar…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Renjie Pi , Kehao Miao , Li Peihang , Runtao Liu , Jiahui Gao , Jipeng Zhang , Xiaofang Zhou