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Recent advances confirm that large language models (LLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. However, due to the resource-intensive nature of training LLMs from scratch, it is urgent and crucial to protect the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Zhiguang Yang , Hanzhou Wu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into many technological ecosystems across various domains and industries, identifying which model is deployed or being interacted with is critical for the security and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Saeif Alhazbi , Ahmed Mohamed Hussain , Gabriele Oligeri , Panos Papadimitratos

This paper presents a survey and taxonomy of LLM fingerprinting and watermarking for identity, ownership verification, provenance, and generated-content attribution. Large language models (LLMs) require substantial investments in data,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Bing Liu , Shunping Wang , Yufan Zhu , Xinyi Yu , Jing Huang , Linkang Du , Hongbin Pei , Wei Luo

Protecting the intellectual property of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge due to the proliferation of unauthorized derivative models. We introduce a novel fingerprinting framework that leverages the behavioral patterns…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Copyright protection for large language models is of critical importance, given their substantial development costs, proprietary value, and potential for misuse. Existing surveys have predominantly focused on techniques for tracing…

Simple fine-tuning can embed hidden text into large language models (LLMs), which is revealed only when triggered by a specific query. Applications include LLM fingerprinting, where a unique identifier is embedded to verify licensing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Pawel Popiolek , Jan Rudkowski , Jedrzej Bieniasz , Artur Janicki

The exorbitant cost of training Large language models (LLMs) from scratch makes it essential to fingerprint the models to protect intellectual property via ownership authentication and to ensure downstream users and developers comply with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-04 Jiashu Xu , Fei Wang , Mingyu Derek Ma , Pang Wei Koh , Chaowei Xiao , Muhao Chen

Fingerprinting refers to the process of identifying underlying Machine Learning (ML) models of AI Systemts, such as Large Language Models (LLMs), by analyzing their unique characteristics or patterns, much like a human fingerprint. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Devansh Bhardwaj , Naman Mishra

Despite providing superior performance, open-source large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to abusive usage. To address this issue, recent works propose LLM fingerprinting methods to identify the specific source LLMs behind suspect…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Zhenzhen Ren , GuoBiao Li , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to sophisticated multi-turn manipulation attacks, where adversaries strategically build context through seemingly benign conversational turns to circumvent safety measures and elicit…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Prashant Kulkarni , Assaf Namer

Training large language models (LLMs) is resource-intensive and expensive, making protecting intellectual property (IP) for LLMs crucial. Recently, embedding fingerprints into LLMs has emerged as a prevalent method for establishing model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Jiaxuan Wu , Yinghan Zhou , Wanli Peng , Yiming Xue , Juan Wen , Ping Zhong

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed communication, yet their role in secure messaging remains underexplored, especially in surveillance-heavy environments. At the same time, many governments all over the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Danilo Gligoroski , Mayank Raikwar , Sonu Kumar Jha

Current benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on performance metrics, often failing to capture the nuanced behavioral characteristics that differentiate them. This paper introduces a novel ``Behavioral Fingerprinting''…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Ying Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang , Xing Li , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Fingerprinting large language models (LLMs) is essential for verifying model ownership, ensuring authenticity, and preventing misuse. Traditional fingerprinting methods often require significant computational overhead or white-box…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Jiacheng Cai , Jiahao Yu , Yangguang Shao , Yuhang Wu

As content generated by Large Language Model (LLM) has grown exponentially, the ability to accurately identify and fingerprint such text has become increasingly crucial. In this work, we introduce a novel black-box approach for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-07 Dmitri Iourovitski , Sanat Sharma , Rakshak Talwar

Growing concerns over the theft and misuse of Large Language Models (LLMs) have heightened the need for effective fingerprinting, which links a model to its original version to detect misuse. In this paper, we define five key properties for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Mark Russinovich , Ahmed Salem

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has revolutionized their ability to interpret complex human commands and execute sophisticated tasks. However, such paradigm shift introduces critical security vulnerabilities…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbreak attacks have posed growing safety and ethical risks. Malicious users often exploit adversarial context to deceive LLMs, prompting them…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Jinhwa Kim , Ian G. Harris
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