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We propose reinforcement learning (RL) strategies tailored for reasoning in large language models (LLMs) under strict memory and compute limits, with a particular focus on compatibility with LoRA fine-tuning. Building on early policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Alan Lee , Harry Tong

Intelligent agents must be generalists, capable of quickly adapting to various tasks. In reinforcement learning (RL), model-based RL learns a dynamics model of the world, in principle enabling transfer to arbitrary reward functions through…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Chuning Zhu , Xinqi Wang , Tyler Han , Simon S. Du , Abhishek Gupta

In an era where tool-augmented AI agents are becoming increasingly vital, our findings highlight the ability of Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to empower SLMs, which are traditionally constrained in tool use. The ability to use…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Dhruvi Paprunia , Vansh Kharidia , Pankti Doshi

Post-training plays a crucial role in refining and aligning large language models to meet specific tasks and human preferences. While recent advancements in post-training techniques, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO),…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Kaichen Zhang , Yuzhong Hong , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song , Dingqian Hong , Hui Xiong

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Scaling model size, training data, and compute power have driven advances in large language models (LLMs), but these approaches are reaching saturation as human-generated text is exhausted and further gains diminish. We propose experience…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Xingkun Yin , Kaibin Huang , Dong In Kim , Hongyang Du

Recent advancements in post-training methodologies for large language models (LLMs) have highlighted reinforcement learning (RL) as a critical component for enhancing reasoning. However, the substantial computational costs associated with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Songjun Tu , Jiahao Lin , Xiangyu Tian , Qichao Zhang , Linjing Li , Yuqian Fu , Nan Xu , Wei He , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongmei Jiang , Dongbin Zhao

Offline reinforcement learning methods hold the promise of learning policies from pre-collected datasets without the need to query the environment for new transitions. This setting is particularly well-suited for continuous control robotic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-18 Xi Chen , Ali Ghadirzadeh , Tianhe Yu , Yuan Gao , Jianhao Wang , Wenzhe Li , Bin Liang , Chelsea Finn , Chongjie Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used for post-training large language models (LLMs) in code editing, where group-relative methods, such as GRPO, are popular due to their critic-free and normalized advantage estimation. However, in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Jianqing Zhang , Zhezheng Hao , Wei Xia , Hande Dong , Hong Wang , Chenxing Wei , Yuyan Zhou , Yubin Qi , Qiang Lin , Jian Cao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) post-training has emerged as the dominant paradigm for eliciting mathematical reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet prevailing techniques such as GRPO and DAPO distribute rollout and gradient budgets…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Peng Cui , Boyao Yang , Jun Zhu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise in large language models (LLMs) post-training, which typically rely on token-level clipping to maintain stability during optimization. Despite the empirical success of GRPO-style methods,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Jiakang Wang , Runze Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Lei Lin , Wenping Hu , Xiu Li , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou , Kun Gai , Ling Pan

Large language models are increasingly trained via reinforcement learning for personalized recommendation tasks, but standard methods like GRPO rely on sparse, sequence-level rewards. These obscure which tokens actually contribute to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Abhijnan Nath , Alireza Bagheri Garakani , Tianchen Zhou , Fan Yang , Yan Gao , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a critical component of large language model (LLM) post-training. However, on-policy algorithms used for post-training are not naturally robust to a diversified content of experience replay buffers, which…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to improve complex reasoning abilities. However, state-of-the-art policy optimization methods often suffer from high computational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Kianté Brantley , Mingyu Chen , Zhaolin Gao , Jason D. Lee , Wen Sun , Wenhao Zhan , Xuezhou Zhang

Recent advancements in LLM post-training, particularly through reinforcement learning and preference optimization, are key to boosting their reasoning capabilities. However, these methods often suffer from low sample efficiency and a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Zichuan Liu , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Human preference alignment is critical in building powerful and reliable large language models (LLMs). However, current methods either ignore the multi-dimensionality of human preferences (e.g. helpfulness and harmlessness) or struggle with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-14 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Jian Xie , Lifeng Liu , Dong Yan , Kaiqi Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in well-defined problems with clear solutions, such as mathematics and coding. However, they still struggle with complex real-world scenarios like business…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Xiaoqian Liu , Ke Wang , Yongbin Li , Yuchuan Wu , Wentao Ma , Aobo Kong , Fei Huang , Jianbin Jiao , Junge Zhang

Traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for large language models (LLMs) relies on expensive human-annotated datasets, while Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) also incurs significant costs, requiring the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Shangjian Yin , Zhepei Wei , Xinyu Zhu , Wei-Lin Chen , Yu Meng

Reinforcement learning (RL) yields substantial improvements in large language models (LLMs) downstream task performance and alignment with human values. Surprisingly, such large gains result from updating only a small subnetwork comprising…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Sagnik Mukherjee , Lifan Yuan , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Hao Peng

Enhancing the mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a pivotal challenge in advancing AI capabilities. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) are the dominant training paradigms, a systematic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Hiroshi Yoshihara , Taiki Yamaguchi , Yuichi Inoue