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Not all supervised learning problems are described by a pair of a fixed-size input tensor and a label. In some cases, especially in medical image analysis, a label corresponds to a bag of instances (e.g. image patches), and to classify such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-08 Dawid Rymarczyk , Adriana Borowa , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

Detecting anomalies over real-world datasets remains a challenging task. Data annotation is an intensive human labor problem, particularly in sequential datasets, where the start and end time of anomalies are not known. As a result, data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-05 Parastoo Kamranfar , David Lattanzi , Amarda Shehu , Daniel Barbará

The whole slide image (WSI) classification is often formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem. Since the positive tissue is only a small fraction of the gigapixel WSI, existing MIL methods intuitively focus on identifying…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Xiaoxian Zhang , Fengtao Zhou , Yi Zhang , Bo Liu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) involves predicting a single label for a bag of instances, given positive or negative labels at bag-level, without accessing to label for each instance in the training phase. Since a positive bag contains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-09 Beomjo Shin , Junsu Cho , Hwanjo Yu , Seungjin Choi

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a frequent type of adult nephrotic syndrome, which has a high clinical incidence and can cause various complications. In the biopsy microscope slide of membranous nephropathy, spikelike projections on the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-07-21 Yilin Chen , Ming Li , Yongfei Wu , Xueyu Liu , Fang Hao , Daoxiang Zhou , Xiaoshuang Zhou , Chen Wang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful approach to classify whole slide images (WSIs) for diagnostic pathology. A fundamental challenge of MIL on WSI classification is to discover the \textit{critical instances} that trigger the bag…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-09-02 Zhikang Wang , Yue Bi , Tong Pan , Xiaoyu Wang , Chris Bain , Richard Bassed , Seiya Imoto , Jianhua Yao , Jiangning Song

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become the leading approach for extracting discriminative features from whole slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology. Attention-based MIL methods can identify key patches but tend to overlook…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Lubin Gan , Xiaoman Wu , Jing Zhang , Zhifeng Wang , Linhao Qu , Siying Wu , Xiaoyan Sun

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is often used in medical imaging to classify high-resolution 2D images by processing patches or classify 3D volumes by processing slices. However, conventional MIL approaches treat instances separately,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Ethan Harvey , Dennis Johan Loevlie , Michael C. Hughes

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been extensively applied to whole slide histopathology image (WSI) analysis. The existing aggregation strategy in MIL, which primarily relies on the first-order distance (e.g., mean difference) between…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Yihang Chen , Tsai Hor Chan , Guosheng Yin , Yuming Jiang , Lequan Yu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) was a weakly supervised learning approach that sought to assign binary class labels to collections of instances known as bags. However, due to their weak supervision nature, the MIL methods were susceptible…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xiwen Chen , Oana M. Dumitrascu , Yalin Wang

Categorical speech emotion recognition is typically performed as a sequence-to-label problem, i.e., to determine the discrete emotion label of the input utterance as a whole. One of the main challenges in practice is that most of the…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-08-18 Shuiyang Mao , P. C. Ching , C. -C. Jay Kuo , Tan Lee

Multi-instance learning (MIL) deals with objects represented as bags of instances and can predict instance labels from bag-level supervision. However, significant performance gaps exist between instance-level MIL algorithms and supervised…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-06 Weijia Zhang , Xuanhui Zhang , Han-Wen Deng , Min-Ling Zhang

In whole slide images (WSIs) analysis, attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) models are susceptible to spurious correlations and degrade under domain shift. These methods may assign high attention weights to non-tumor regions, such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Xin Liu , Weijia Zhang , Wei Tang , Thuc Duy Le , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

We propose a new formulation of Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL). In typical MIL settings, a unit of data is given as a set of instances called a bag and the goal is to find a good classifier of bags based on similarity from a single or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-12-11 Daiki Suehiro , Kohei Hatano , Eiji Takimoto , Shuji Yamamoto , Kenichi Bannai , Akiko Takeda

In Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem for sequence data, the instances inside the bags are sequences. In some real world applications such as bioinformatics, comparing a random couple of sequences makes no sense. In fact, each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-15 Manel Zoghlami , Sabeur Aridhi , Mondher Maddouri , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

Though multiple instance learning (MIL) has been a foundational strategy in computational pathology for processing whole slide images (WSIs), current approaches are designed for traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides rather than…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-15 Marc Harary , Eliezer M. Van Allen , William Lotter

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are high-resolution digital scans widely used in medical diagnostics. WSI classification is typically approached using Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), where the slide is partitioned into tiles treated as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Sharon Peled , Yosef E. Maruvka , Moti Freiman

This paper introduces MAD-MIL, a Multi-head Attention-based Deep Multiple Instance Learning model, designed for weakly supervised Whole Slide Images (WSIs) classification in digital pathology. Inspired by the multi-head attention mechanism…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Hassan Keshvarikhojasteh , Josien Pluim , Mitko Veta

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) effectively analyzes whole slide images but faces overfitting due to attention over-concentration. While existing solutions rely on complex architectural modifications or additional processing steps, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yunxuan Sun , Zhongyi Shui , Jingxiong Li , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

We study a multiclass multiple instance learning (MIL) problem where the labels only suggest whether any instance of a class exists or does not exist in a training sample or example. No further information, e.g., the number of instances of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-03-15 Xi-Lin Li