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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into many technological ecosystems across various domains and industries, identifying which model is deployed or being interacted with is critical for the security and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Saeif Alhazbi , Ahmed Mohamed Hussain , Gabriele Oligeri , Panos Papadimitratos

The behavior of LLMs does not depend solely on the model itself. Components of the inference system, such as the inference engine, attention backend, and hardware platform, subtly influence how inputs are processed. These components differ…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Anna Wimbauer , Jonas Möller , Erik Imgrund , Konrad Rieck

Protecting the copyright of large language models (LLMs) has become crucial due to their resource-intensive training and accompanying carefully designed licenses. However, identifying the original base model of an LLM is challenging due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Boyi Zeng , Lizheng Wang , Yuncong Hu , Yi Xu , Chenghu Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Yu Yu , Zhouhan Lin

The widespread adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) in commercial and research settings has intensified the need for robust intellectual property protection. Backdoor-based LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a promising solution for this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Hang Fu , Wanli Peng , Yinghan Zhou , Jiaxuan Wu , Juan Wen , Yiming Xue

The broad capabilities and substantial resources required to train Large Language Models (LLMs) make them valuable intellectual property, yet they remain vulnerable to copyright infringement, such as unauthorized use and model theft. LLM…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Yu He , Hongwei Yao , Wenyuan Yang , Dacheng Tao , Zhan Qin

The development of large language models (LLMs) is costly and has significant commercial value. Consequently, preventing unauthorized appropriation of open-source LLMs and protecting developers' intellectual property rights have become…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yiheng Liu , Junhao Ning , Sichen Xia , Haiyang Sun , Yang Yang , Hanyang Chi , Xiaohui Gao , Ning Qiang , Bao Ge , Junwei Han , Xintao Hu

Efficiently updating multilingual knowledge in large language models (LLMs), while preserving consistent factual representations across languages, remains a long-standing and unresolved challenge. While deploying separate editing systems…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Wei Sun , Tingyu Qu , Mingxiao Li , Jesse Davis , Marie-Francine Moens

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to generate codes on competitive programming tasks. However, with limited sample numbers, LLMs still suffer from poor accuracy. Inspired by the process of human…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Kechi Zhang , Zhuo Li , Jia Li , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) has intensified concerns around intellectual property (IP) protection, as model theft and unauthorized redistribution become increasingly feasible. To address this, model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Zhenhua Xu , Xixiang Zhao , Xubin Yue , Shengwei Tian , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Addressing the intellectual property protection challenges in commercial deployment of large language models (LLMs), existing black-box fingerprinting techniques face dual challenges from incremental fine-tuning erasure and feature-space…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Xubin Yue , Zhenhua Xu , Wenpeng Xing , Jiahui Yu , Mohan Li , Meng Han

Protecting the intellectual property of large language models (LLMs) is crucial, given the substantial resources required for their training. Consequently, there is an urgent need for both model owners and third parties to determine whether…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Boyi Zeng , Lin Chen , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern artificial intelligence, powering a wide range of applications from code generation and virtual assistants to scientific research and enterprise automation. However, concerns…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Le Vu Anh , Dinh Duc Nha Nguyen , Phi Long Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably encode outdated or incorrect knowledge. Updating, deleting, and forgetting such knowledge is important for alignment, safety, and other issues. To address this issue, model editing has emerged as a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Wei Liu , Haomei Xu , Bingqing Liu , Zhiying Deng , Haozhao Wang , Jun Wang , Ruixuan Li , Yee Whye Teh , Wee Sun Lee

Protecting the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly critical due to the high cost of training. Model merging, which integrates multiple expert models into a single multi-task model, introduces a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Shojiro Yamabe , Futa Waseda , Tsubasa Takahashi , Koki Wataoka

Growing concerns over the theft and misuse of Large Language Models (LLMs) have heightened the need for effective fingerprinting, which links a model to its original version to detect misuse. In this paper, we define five key properties for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Mark Russinovich , Ahmed Salem

Instruction-based text editing is increasingly critical for real-world applications such as code editors (e.g., Cursor), but Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to struggle with this task. Unlike free-form generation, editing requires…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Yiming Zeng , Jinghan Cao , Zexin Li , Wanhao Yu , Zhankai Ye , Dawei Xiang , Ting Hua , Xin Liu , Shangqian Gao , Tingting Yu

Simple fine-tuning can embed hidden text into large language models (LLMs), which is revealed only when triggered by a specific query. Applications include LLM fingerprinting, where a unique identifier is embedded to verify licensing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Pawel Popiolek , Jan Rudkowski , Jedrzej Bieniasz , Artur Janicki

Large language models (LLMs) are pretrained on corpora containing trillions of tokens and, therefore, inevitably memorize sensitive information. Locate-then-edit methods, as a mainstream paradigm of model editing, offer a promising solution…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zhiyu Sun , Minrui Luo , Yu Wang , Zhili Chen , Tianxing He

As large language models are increasingly deployed in sensitive environments, fingerprinting attacks pose significant privacy and security risks. We present a study of LLM fingerprinting from both offensive and defensive perspectives. Our…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Kevin Kurian , Ethan Holland , Sean Oesch

Large language models (LLMs) often produce incorrect or outdated information, necessitating efficient and precise knowledge updates. Current model editing methods, however, struggle with long-form knowledge in diverse formats, such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Houcheng Jiang , Junfeng Fang , Ningyu Zhang , Guojun Ma , Mingyang Wan , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Tat-seng Chua