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GW231123 is an exceptionally massive binary black hole (BBH) merger with unusually high component spins. Such extreme properties challenge conventional stellar evolution models predicting a black hole mass gap due to pair-instability…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Yin-Jie Li , Shao-Peng Tang , Ling-Qin Xue , Yi-Zhong Fan

The latest detection of GW231123, a binary black hole (BH) merger with exceptionally large masses and high spins for the incoming components, has been suggested as a smoking gun for hierarchical formation. In this scenario, a first…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-02-06 Jakob Stegmann , Aleksandra Olejak , Selma E. de Mink

GW231123 is the most massive binary black hole (BBH) merger detected to date by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. With at least one black hole (BH) in the upper-mass gap and both BHs exhibiting high spins ($\chi_{1,2} \gtrsim 0.8$), this…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-16 Lavinia Paiella , Cristiano Ugolini , Mario Spera , Marica Branchesi , Manuel Arca Sedda

GW231123, the most massive binary black hole (BH) merger observed to date, involves component BHs with masses inside the pair-instability mass gap and unusually high spins. This challenges standard formation channels such as classical…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-09-30 Ore Gottlieb , Brian D. Metzger , Danat Issa , Sean E. Li , Mathieu Renzo , Maximiliano Isi

Chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) is a promising channel for forming massive binary black holes. The enigmatic, massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary HD 5980 A&B has been proposed to have formed through this channel. We investigate this claim…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-02-21 K. Sharpe , L. A. C. van Son , S. E. de Mink , R. Farmer , P. Marchant , G. Koenigsberger

The binary black hole merger GW231123 is both the most massive gravitational-wave event observed and has the highest component spins measured to date. The dimensionless spins of the more massive (primary) and less massive (secondary) black…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-03-30 Lachlan Passenger , Sharan Banagiri , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky , Angela Borchers , Maya Fishbach , Claire S. Ye

GW231123 represents the most massive binary-black-hole merger detected to date, lying firmly within, or even above, the pair-instability mass gap. The component spins are both exceptionally high ($a_1 = 0.90^{+0.10}_{-0.19}$, $a_2 =…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-12-16 Imre Bartos , Zoltan Haiman

The possible formation mechanisms of massive close binary black holes (BHs) that can merge in the Hubble time to produce powerful gravitational wave bursts detected during advanced LIGO O1 and O2 science runs include the evolution from…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2018-12-10 Konstantin Postnov , Alexander Kuranov

The first directly detected gravitational waves (GW 150914) were emitted by two coalescing black holes (BHs) with masses of ~36Msun and ~29Msun. Several scenarios have been proposed to put this detection into an astrophysical context. The…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-01-24 R. Hainich , L. M. Oskinova , T. Shenar , P. Marchant , J. J. Eldridge , A. A. C. Sander , W. -R. Hamann , N. Langer , H. Todt

The LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (LVK) collaboration has announced 90 coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) with $p_{\rm astro} > 50\%$ to date, however, the origin of their formation channels is still an open scientific question. Given various…

The gravitational wave event GW231123, with component black hole masses lying within or above the pair-instability mass gap, poses a significant challenge to current stellar evolution models. In this work, we describe how we investigated…

GW231123 is a binary black hole merger whose primary component lies within or above the pair-instability mass gap, while the secondary component falls within this gap. The standard theory of stellar evolution is significantly challenged by…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-11 Shuai Liu , Long Wang , Ataru Tanikawa , Weiwei Wu , Michiko S. Fujii

As gravitational wave detectors improve, observations of black hole (BH) mergers will provide the joint distribution of their masses and spins. This will be a critical benchmark to validate formation scenarios. Merging binary BHs formed…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-11-27 Pablo Marchant , Philipp Podsiadlowski , Ilya Mandel

GW231123, the heaviest binary black hole merger detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration to date, lies in the pair-instability mass gap and exhibits unusually high component spins. In this Letter, we show that both merging black holes…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-05-12 Valerio De Luca , Gabriele Franciolini , Antonio Riotto

We explore a newly proposed channel to create binary black holes of stellar origin. This scenario applies to massive, tight binaries where mixing induced by rotation and tides transports the products of hydrogen burning throughout the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2016-06-07 Ilya Mandel , Selma E. de Mink

GW231123, the most massive binary black hole (BBH) merger detected by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, highlights the need to understand the origins of massive, high-spin stellar black holes (BHs). Dense star clusters provide natural environments for…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-11-12 Fulya Kıroğlu , Kyle Kremer , Frederic A. Rasio

Recent discoveries of gravitational wave (GW) events most likely originating from black hole (BH) + neutron star (NS) mergers reveal the existence of BH+NS binaries. The formation of BH+NS binaries and their merger rates through isolated…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-03-15 Long Jiang , Wen-Cong Chen , Thomas M. Tauris , Bernhard Muller , Xiang-Dong Li

We explore chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) as a formation channel for massive merging binary black holes (BBHs). We develop methods to include CHE in a rapid binary population synthesis code, Compact Object Mergers: Population…

Various binary black hole formation channels have been proposed since the first gravitational event GW150914 was discovered by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (AdLIGO). For all evolutionary channels based on…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-08-15 Y. Qin , T. Fragos , G. Meynet , J. Andrews , M. Sørensen , H. F. Song

The gravitational wave event GW231123 detected by the LIGO interferometers during their fourth observing run features two black holes with source-frame masses of $137^{+23}_{-18} M_\odot$ and $101^{+22}_{-50} M_\odot$ -- in the range of the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-02-19 Djuna Croon , Davide Gerosa , Jeremy Sakstein
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