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We present a new methodology for detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) images by utilizing norms of the score estimates at multiple noise scales. A score is defined to be the gradient of the log density with respect to the input data. Our…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-24 Ahsan Mahmood , Junier Oliva , Martin Styner

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) nodes in the graph-based machine-learning field is challenging, particularly when in-distribution (ID) node multi-category labels are unavailable. Thus, we focus on feature space rather than label space…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Shenzhi Yang , Junbo Zhao , Sharon Li , Shouqing Yang , Dingyu Yang , Xiaofang Zhang , Haobo Wang

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safely deploying deep models in open-world environments, where inputs may lie outside the training distribution. During inference on a model trained exclusively with In-Distribution (ID)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Jiawei Gu , Ziyue Qiao , Zechao Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the notable advancements in existing OOD detection methodologies, our study identifies a significant performance drop…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-02-01 Jiuqing Dong , Yongbin Gao , Heng Zhou , Jun Cen , Yifan Yao , Sook Yoon , Park Dong Sun

The quantification of uncertainty is important for the adoption of machine learning, especially to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) data back to human experts for review. Yet progress has been slow, as a balance must be struck between…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-12 Derek Everett , Andre T. Nguyen , Luke E. Richards , Edward Raff

In the open world, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data, whose labels are disjoint with those of in-distribution (ID) samples, is important for reliable deep neural networks (DNNs). To achieve better detection performance, one type of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Yingwen Wu , Ruiji Yu , Xinwen Cheng , Zhengbao He , Xiaolin Huang

It is an important problem in trustworthy machine learning to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which are inputs unrelated to the in-distribution task. Many out-of-distribution detection methods have been suggested in recent years.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors can act as safety monitors in embedded cyber-physical systems by identifying samples outside a machine learning model's training distribution to prevent potentially unsafe actions. However, OOD detectors…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Aditya Bansal , Michael Yuhas , Arvind Easwaran

Building up reliable Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detectors is challenging, often requiring the use of OOD data during training. In this work, we develop a data-driven approach which is distinct and complementary to existing works: Instead of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Jingyang Zhang , Nathan Inkawhich , Randolph Linderman , Ryan Luley , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

We evaluate the out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance of self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques with a new evaluation framework. Unlike the previous evaluation methods, the proposed framework adjusts the distance of OOD samples…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Jeonghoon Park , Kyungmin Jo , Daehoon Gwak , Jimin Hong , Jaegul Choo , Edward Choi

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, where reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to ensure robustness. Existing methods predominantly rely on the penultimate-layer activations…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Shreen Gul , Mohamed Elmahallawy , Ardhendu Tripathy , Sanjay Madria

When machine learning (ML) models are supplied with data outside their training distribution, they are more likely to make inaccurate predictions; in a cyber-physical system (CPS), this could lead to catastrophic system failure. To mitigate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-01 Michael Yuhas , Daniel Jun Xian Ng , Arvind Easwaran

Real-world machine learning applications often face simultaneous covariate and semantic shifts, challenging traditional domain generalization and out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods. We introduce Meta-learned Across Domain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-06 Haoliang Wang , Chen Zhao , Feng Chen

Accurate and explainable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is required to use machine learning systems safely. Previous work has shown that feature distance to decision boundaries can be used to identify OOD data effectively. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Maria Stoica , Francesco Leofante , Alessio Lomuscio

The capacity of a modern deep learning system to determine if a sample falls within its realm of knowledge is fundamental and important. In this paper, we offer insights and analyses of recent state-of-the-art out-of-distribution (OOD)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Kai Xu , Rongyu Chen , Gianni Franchi , Angela Yao

Multimodal fusion, leveraging data like vision and language, is rapidly gaining traction. This enriched data representation improves performance across various tasks. Existing methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a critical area…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-29 Jinglun Li , Xinyu Zhou , Kaixun Jiang , Lingyi Hong , Pinxue Guo , Zhaoyu Chen , Weifeng Ge , Wenqiang Zhang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) graphs is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of Graph Neural Networks. In unsupervised graph-level OOD detection, models are typically trained using only in-distribution (ID) data, resulting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Li Sun , Lanxu Yang , Jiayu Tian , Bowen Fang , Xiaoyan Yu , Junda Ye , Peng Tang , Hao Peng , Philip S. Yu

Recent advances in deep learning have led to breakthroughs in the development of automated skin disease classification. As we observe an increasing interest in these models in the dermatology space, it is crucial to address aspects such as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-06-03 Hannah Kim , Girmaw Abebe Tadesse , Celia Cintas , Skyler Speakman , Kush Varshney

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is concerned with identifying data points that do not belong to the same distribution as the model's training data. For the safe deployment of predictive models in a real-world environment, it is critical…

声音 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Zaharah Bukhsh , Aaqib Saeed