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LLM agents are highly vulnerable to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI), where adversaries embed malicious directives in untrusted tool outputs to hijack execution. Most existing defenses treat IPI as an input-level semantic discrimination…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Yu He , Haozhe Zhu , Yiming Li , Shuo Shao , Hongwei Yao , Zhihao Liu , Zhan Qin

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly integrated into critical systems, leveraging external tools to interact with the real world. However, this capability exposes them to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI), where attackers embed…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Guangyu Gong , Zizhuang Deng

As LLM agents transition from digital assistants to physical controllers in autonomous systems and robotics, they face an escalating threat from indirect prompt injection. By embedding adversarial instructions into the results of tool…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Qiang Yu , Xinran Cheng , Chuanyi Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit remarkable performance across diverse applications by using external tools to interact with environments. However, integrating external tools introduces security risks, such as indirect prompt…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Qiusi Zhan , Richard Fang , Henil Shalin Panchal , Daniel Kang

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

The integration of external data services (e.g., Model Context Protocol, MCP) has made large language model-based agents increasingly powerful for complex task execution. However, this advancement introduces critical security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Che Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Ziqi Zhang , Zijie Wang , Yinghui Wang , Jianbo Gao , Tao Wei , Zhong Chen , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Indirect prompt injection attacks (IPIAs), where large language models (LLMs) follow malicious instructions hidden in input data, pose a critical threat to LLM-powered agents. In this paper, we present IntentGuard, a general defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Mintong Kang , Chong Xiang , Sanjay Kariyappa , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Edward Suh

AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly being deployed as conversational assistants capable of performing complex real-world tasks through tool integration. This enhanced ability to interact with external systems and process…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Feiran Jia , Tong Wu , Xin Qin , Anna Squicciarini

Recent work has embodied LLMs as agents, allowing them to access tools, perform actions, and interact with external content (e.g., emails or websites). However, external content introduces the risk of indirect prompt injection (IPI)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Qiusi Zhan , Zhixiang Liang , Zifan Ying , Daniel Kang

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external tools and retrieval systems to autonomously complete complex tasks. However, this design exposes agents to indirect prompt injection (IPI), where attacker-controlled context…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Tian Zhang , Yiwei Xu , Juan Wang , Keyan Guo , Xiaoyang Xu , Bowen Xiao , Quanlong Guan , Jinlin Fan , Jiawei Liu , Zhiquan Liu , Hongxin Hu

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed for complex tasks requiring planning, tool use, and interaction with external services. Their reliance on untrusted external content exposes them to indirect prompt injection (IPI), in which…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Zixuan Chen , Jiaxiang Chen , Li Luo , Ke Xu , Xiaoxiang Huang , Tanfeng Sun , Xinghao Jiang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with external sources is becoming increasingly common, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) being a prominent example. However, this integration introduces vulnerabilities of Indirect…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Tongyu Wen , Chenglong Wang , Xiyuan Yang , Haoyu Tang , Yueqi Xie , Lingjuan Lyu , Zhicheng Dou , Fangzhao Wu

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has resulted in a paradigm shift towards autonomous agents, necessitating robust security against Prompt Injection (PI) vulnerabilities where untrusted inputs hijack agent behaviors. This SoK…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Peiran Wang , Xinfeng Li , Chong Xiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Ying Li , Lixia Zhang , Xiaofeng Wang , Yuan Tian

Recent research has explored that LLM agents are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection (IPI) attacks, where malicious tasks embedded in tool-retrieved information can redirect the agent to take unauthorized actions. Existing defenses…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Kaijie Zhu , Xianjun Yang , Jindong Wang , Wenbo Guo , William Yang Wang

The rapid deployment of open-source frameworks has significantly advanced the development of modern multi-agent systems. However, expanded action spaces, including uncontrolled privilege exposure and hidden inter-system interactions, pose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Wenhui Zhu , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiwen Chen , Rui Cai , Peijie Qiu , Zhipeng Wang , Oana Frunza , Shao Tang , Jindong Gu , Yalin Wang

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

With the advancement of technology, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, powering LLM-integrated applications like Microsoft Copilot. However, as LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Zihao Zheng , Yangqiu Song , Dekai Wu , Bryan Hooi

Web agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) enable autonomous interaction with web environments by perceiving and acting on both visual and textual webpage content to accomplish user-specified tasks. However, they are highly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Yulin Chen , Tri Cao , Haoran Li , Yue Liu , Yibo Li , Yufei He , Le Minh Khoi , Yangqiu Song , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

As AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly versatile and capable of addressing a broad spectrum of tasks, ensuring their security has become a critical challenge. Among the most pressing threats are prompt…

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