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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong general-purpose reasoning abilities but lack access to wireless environment information due to the absence of native sensory input and domain-specific priors. Previous attempts to apply LLMs in…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Zongxi Liu , Hongyang Du

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) introduces a structurally distinct attack surface that existing threat frameworks, designed for traditional software systems or generic LLM deployments, do not adequately cover. This paper presents MCP-38, a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a recently proposed interoperability standard that unifies how AI agents connect with external tools and data sources. By defining a set of common client-server message exchange clauses, MCP replaces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Nanzi Yang , Weiheng Bai , Kangjie Lu

By providing a standardized interface for LLM agents to interact with external tools, the Model Context Protocol (MCP) is quickly becoming a cornerstone of the modern autonomous agent ecosystem. However, it creates novel attack surfaces due…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Zhiqiang Wang , Yichao Gao , Yanting Wang , Suyuan Liu , Haifeng Sun , Haoran Cheng , Guanquan Shi , Haohua Du , Xiangyang Li

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an emerging open standard that defines a unified, bi-directional communication and dynamic discovery protocol between AI models and external tools or resources, aiming to enhance interoperability and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Xinyi Hou , Yanjie Zhao , Shenao Wang , Haoyu Wang

The MCP Solver bridges Large Language Models (LLMs) with symbolic solvers through the Model Context Protocol (MCP), an open-source standard for AI system integration. Providing LLMs access to formal solving and reasoning capabilities…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Stefan Szeider

With the rise of LLMs, a large number of Model Context Protocol (MCP) services have emerged since the end of 2024. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of MCP servers have not been well studied. To study these questions, we propose an…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-04-21 Zhiling Luo , Xiaorong Shi , Xuanrui Lin , Jinyang Gao

Medical calculators are fundamental to quantitative, evidence-based clinical practice. However, their real-world use is an adaptive, multi-stage process, requiring proactive EHR data acquisition, scenario-dependent calculator selection, and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yakun Zhu , Yutong Huang , Shengqian Qin , Zhongzhen Huang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

Large language models are increasingly used as orchestrators of external tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP), but MCP is built for software services with megabytes of memory and does not descend to the microcontrollers that dominate…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Dongxu Yang

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into sophisticated autonomous agents capable of complex software development tasks, evaluating their real-world capabilities becomes critical. While existing benchmarks like…

Multi-agent systems represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling complex problem-solving through coordinated specialized agents. However, these systems face fundamental challenges in context management,…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Naveen Krishnan

Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers enable AI applications to connect to external systems in a plug-and-play manner, but their rapid proliferation also introduces severe security risks. Unlike mature software ecosystems with rigorous…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Weibo Zhao , Jiahao Liu , Bonan Ruan , Shaofei Li , Zhenkai Liang

Explicit modeling of capabilities and skills -- whether based on ontologies, Asset Administration Shells, or other technologies -- requires considerable manual effort and often results in representations that are not easily accessible to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Luis Miguel Vieira da Silva , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Christoph Bühler , Matteo Biagiola , Luca Di Grazia , Guido Salvaneschi

Large language models hold considerable promise for supporting forensic investigations, but their widespread adoption is hindered by a lack of transparency, explainability, and reproducibility. This paper explores how the emerging Model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Jan-Niclas Hilgert , Carlo Jakobs , Michael Külper , Martin Lambertz , Axel Mahr , Elmar Padilla

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly interact with external systems through tool-calling protocols such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP). In prevailing architectures, the agent must reason about every tool invocation in every…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Abhinav Singh Parmar

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold immense promise for revolutionizing financial analysis and decision-making, yet their direct application is often hampered by issues of data hallucination and lack of access to real-time, verifiable…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Yifan Zeng

With advances in decision-making and reasoning capabilities, multimodal agents show strong potential in computer application scenarios. Past evaluations have mainly assessed GUI interaction skills, while tool invocation abilities, such as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Hongrui Jia , Jitong Liao , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Tianbao Xie , Chaoya Jiang , Ming Yan , Si Liu , Wei Ye , Fei Huang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as the de facto standard for connecting Large Language Models (LLMs) to external data and tools, effectively functioning as the "USB-C for Agentic AI." While this decoupling of context and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Shiva Gaire , Srijan Gyawali , Saroj Mishra , Suman Niroula , Dilip Thakur , Umesh Yadav

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a standard for connecting Large Language Models (LLMs) to external tools and data. However, MCP servers often expose privileged capabilities, such as file system access, network requests, and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Charoes Huang , Xin Huang , Amin Milani Fard