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The surface code is one of the most popular quantum error correction codes. It comes with efficient decoders, such as the Minimum Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) decoder and the Union-Find (UF) decoder, allowing for fast quantum error…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-09-28 Nicolas Delfosse , Adam Paetznick , Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for suitably represented tensor networks, called ZX-diagrams. Calculations are performed by transforming ZX-diagrams with rewrite rules. The ZX-calculus has found applications in reasoning about…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Alex Townsend-Teague , Konstantinos Meichanetzidis

The construction of topological error correction codes requires the ability to fabricate a lattice of physical qubits embedded on a manifold with a non-trivial topology such that the quantum information is encoded in the global degrees of…

Leveraging noise bias, where phase-flip errors dominate over bit-flips, can drastically reduce the hardware overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computation, but existing approaches require bias-preserving CNOT gates whose implementation…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-26 Christophe Vuillot , Diego Ruiz , Jérémie Guillaud , Mazyar Mirrahimi

For planar architectures surface code-based quantum error correction is one of the most promising approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation. This is partially due to the variety of fault-tolerant logical protocols that can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-22 Áron Márton , Luis Colmenarez , Lukas Bödeker , Markus Müller

Quantum error correction is necessary for large-scale quantum computing. A promising quantum error correcting code is the surface code. For this code, fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) can be performed via lattice surgery, i.e.,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-04 Daniel Bochen Tan , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Craig Gidney

Topological quantum computing has recently proven itself to be a very powerful model when considering large- scale, fully error corrected quantum architectures. In addition to its robust nature under hardware errors, it is a software driven…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-11-17 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto , Ilia Polian

The surface code is currently the leading proposal to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computation. Among its strengths are the plethora of known ways in which fault-tolerant Clifford operations can be performed, namely, by deforming the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-26 Benjamin J. Brown , Katharina Laubscher , Markus S. Kesselring , James R. Wootton

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally-interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault tolerant quantum computing. However in the near-future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower dimensional…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-28 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Michael Fogarty

We describe in detail how to perform universal fault-tolerant quantum computation on a 2-D color code, making use of only nearest neighbor interactions. Three defects (holes) in the code are used to represent logical qubits. Triple defect…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-13 Austin G. Fowler

Quantum computing is currently strongly limited by the impact of noise, in particular introduced by the application of two-qubit gates. For this reason, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is of paramount importance on noisy…

Facilitating the ability to achieve logical qubit error rates below physical qubit error rates, error correction is anticipated to play an important role in scaling quantum computers. While many algorithms require millions of physical…

Topological error correction codes are promising candidates to protect quantum computations from the deteriorating effects of noise. While some codes provide high noise thresholds suitable for robust quantum memories, others allow…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-11-07 Hendrik Poulsen Nautrup , Nicolai Friis , Hans J. Briegel

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes and color codes, are promising because quantum operations are realized by two-dimensionally (2D) arrayed quantum bits (qubits). However, physical wiring of electrodes to qubits is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-09-06 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Hayato Goto

This is a comprehensive review on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation with the surface codes. The basic concepts and useful tools underlying fault-tolerant quantum computation, such as universal quantum computation, stabilizer…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-04-08 Keisuke Fujii

Existing real-time decoders for surface codes are limited to isolated logical qubits and do not support logical operations involving multiple logical qubits. We present DECONET, a first-of-its-kind decoding system that scales to thousands…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-04-17 Namitha Liyanage , Yue Wu , Emmet Houghton , Lin Zhong

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about quantum computation that has recently seen an increased usage in a variety of areas such as quantum circuit optimisation, surface codes and lattice surgery, measurement-based…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-12-29 John van de Wetering

Distributed architectures are a route to scalable quantum computing, but the performance of fault-tolerant operations across noisy inter-module links remains poorly characterized. We present circuit-level simulations of two key distributed…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-04 John Stack , Ming Wang , Frank Mueller