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Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for safe deployment. Inference-time techniques offer granular control over generation; however, they rely on model uncertainty, meaning an internal estimate of how likely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Mohammad Atif Quamar , Mohammad Areeb , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Muslum Ozgur Ozmen , Z. Berkay Celik

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities in understanding natural language and generating complex code. However, as practitioners adopt CodeLLMs for increasingly critical development tasks, research reveals that these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Maximilian Wendlinger , Daniel Kowatsch , Konstantin Böttinger , Philip Sperl

The design of safety-critical agents based on large language models (LLMs) requires more than simple prompt engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive information-theoretic analysis of how rule encodings in system prompts influence…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Joachim Diederich

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Looped Language Models (LoopLMs) enable efficient latent reasoning through depth recurrence, yet exhibit unreliable test-time scaling behavior: performance often peaks at a certain iteration depth and then collapses with further recurrence.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Xiao-Wen Yang , Ziyu Han , Xi-Hua Zhang , Wen-Da Wei , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

We present a practical framework for detecting errors in LLM-generated SQL by estimating uncertainty at the level of individual nodes in the query's abstract syntax tree (AST). Our approach proceeds in two stages. First, we introduce a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Hilaf Hasson , Ruocheng Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced automated test generation, yet existing methods often rely on ground-truth code for verification, risking bug propagation and limiting applicability in test-driven development. We…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Hamed Taherkhani , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Mohammad Chowdhury , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for annotation in computational social science, yet their methodological reliability under prompt variation remains unclear. This paper introduces Inter-Prompt Reliability (IPR), a…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Jingyuan Liu

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has shown remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks. However, a significant disparity exists between benchmark performances and real-world applications. We attribute this gap…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Ziyi Wang , Kuikun Liu , Songyang Gao , Wenwei Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

In large language models (LLMs), each block operates on the residual stream to map input token sequences to output token distributions. However, most of the interpretability literature focuses on internal latent representations, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Riccardo Ali , Francesco Caso , Christopher Irwin , Pietro Liò

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

Existing training criteria in automatic speech recognition(ASR) permit the model to freely explore more than one time alignments between the feature and label sequences. In this paper, we use entropy to measure a model's uncertainty, i.e.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-26 Ehsan Variani , Ke Wu , David Rybach , Cyril Allauzen , Michael Riley

Since the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), they have been widely adopted for various tasks such as text summarization, question answering, speech-to-text translation, and more. In recent times, the use of LLMs for code…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Krishna Vamshi Bodla , Haizhao Yang

Recent advances in large language models for test case generation have improved branch coverage via prompt-engineered mutations. However, they still lack principled mechanisms for steering models toward specific high-risk execution…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Khang Tran , Khoa Nguyen , Cristian Borcea , NhatHai Phan

Evaluating the programming robustness of large language models (LLMs) is paramount for ensuring their reliability in AI-based software development. However, adversarial attacks exhibit fundamental limitations that compromise fair robustness…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Sen Fang , Weiyuan Ding , Mengshi Zhang , Zihao Chen , Bowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities yet suffer from sensitivity to slight input context variations, hampering reliability. Conventional metrics like accuracy and perplexity fail to assess local prediction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Deyuan Liu , Zecheng Wang , Zhanyue Qin , Zhiying Tu , Dianhui Chu , Dianbo Sui

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, driving the need to evaluate the trustworthiness of their generated text. To this end, reliable uncertainty estimation is essential. Leading uncertainty…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Sepp Hochreiter

Code reasoning refers to the task of predicting the output of a program given its source code and specific inputs. It can measure the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) and also benefit downstream tasks such as code…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zhanyue Qin , Jia Feng , Yibo Lyu , Yun Peng , Dianbo Sui , Cuiyun Gao , Qing Liao

Assisting LLMs with code generation improved their performance on mathematical reasoning tasks. However, the evaluation of code-assisted LLMs is generally restricted to execution correctness, lacking a rigorous evaluation of their generated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Zena Al-Khalili , Nick Howell , Dietrich Klakow

Large language models (LLMs) have become proficient at sophisticated code-generation tasks, yet remain ineffective at reliably detecting or avoiding code vulnerabilities. Does this deficiency stem from insufficient learning about code…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Weichen Yu , Ravi Mangal , Terry Zhuo , Matt Fredrikson , Corina S. Pasareanu
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