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Big models, exemplified by Large Language Models (LLMs), are models typically pre-trained on massive data and comprised of enormous parameters, which not only obtain significantly improved performance across diverse tasks but also present…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiting Wang , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie

Recent work in large language modeling (LLMs) has used fine-tuning to align outputs with the preferences of a prototypical user. This work assumes that human preferences are static and homogeneous across individuals, so that aligning to a a…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that require careful balancing of multiple, often conflicting, objectives, such as informativeness versus conciseness, or helpfulness versus creativity.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Qiang He , Setareh Maghsudi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used as decision aids. However, users have diverse values and preferences that can affect their decision-making, which requires novel methods for LLM alignment and personalization.…

Although humans inherently have diverse values, current large language model (LLM) alignment methods often assume that aligning LLMs with the general public's preferences is optimal. A major challenge in adopting a more individualized…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-06 Seongyun Lee , Sue Hyun Park , Seungone Kim , Minjoon Seo

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), they are not only used as general-purpose AI assistants but are also customized through further fine-tuning to meet the requirements of different applications. A pivotal factor in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-23 Pengyu Wang , Dong Zhang , Linyang Li , Chenkun Tan , Xinghao Wang , Ke Ren , Botian Jiang , Xipeng Qiu

In high-stakes domains, small task-specific vision models are crucial due to their low computational requirements and the availability of numerous methods to explain their results. However, these explanations often reveal that the models do…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Alexander Koebler , Lukas Kuhn , Ingo Thon , Florian Buettner

Preference alignment methods are increasingly critical for steering large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs consistent with human values. While recent approaches often rely on synthetic data generated by LLMs for scalability and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Zheren Fu , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Alignment of large language models (LLMs) typically involves training a reward model on preference data, followed by policy optimization with respect to the reward model. However, optimizing policies with respect to a single reward model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Debangshu Banerjee , Kintan Saha , Aditya Gopalan

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) focus on aligning to heterogeneous human expectations and values via multi-objective preference alignment. However, existing methods are dependent on the policy model parameters, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Kailai Yang , Zhiwei Liu , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Tianlin Zhang , Sophia Ananiadou

The prevailing approach to aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on human or AI feedback and assumes access to specific types of preference datasets. In our work, we question the efficacy of such datasets and explore…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Hao Sun

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly shape content generation, interaction, and decision-making across the Web, aligning them with human values has become a central objective in trustworthy AI. This challenge becomes even more…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Hefei Xu , Le Wu , Yu Wang , Min Hou , Han Wu , Zhen Zhang , Meng Wang

Inference-time computation methods enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging additional computational resources to achieve superior results. Common techniques, such as Best-of-N sampling, Majority Voting, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Chia-Yu Hung , Navonil Majumder , Ambuj Mehrish , Soujanya Poria

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Large language model (LLM) alignment is typically achieved through learning from human preference comparisons, making the quality of preference data critical to its success. Existing studies often pre-process raw training datasets to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Qizhou Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Multi-Objective Alignment aims to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with diverse and often conflicting human values by optimizing multiple objectives simultaneously. Existing methods predominantly rely on static preference weight…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Wenzhe Xu , Biao Liu , Yiyang Sun , Xin Geng , Ning Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to be aligned with human expectations to ensure their safety and utility in most applications. Alignment is challenging, costly, and needs to be repeated for every LLM and alignment criterion. We propose to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Lilian Ngweta , Mayank Agarwal , Subha Maity , Alex Gittens , Yuekai Sun , Mikhail Yurochkin

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for generating helpful and harmless content. Existing approaches leverage preference-based human feedback data to learn the reward function and align the LLM with the feedback data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-15 Yuang Cai , Yuyu Yuan , Jinsheng Shi , Qinhong Lin

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical for enhancing LLMs' safety, helpfulness, humor, faithfulness, etc. Current reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) mainly focuses on a fixed reward learned…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Qiang He , Yucheng Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Setareh Maghsudi

Recent advancements in tool learning have enabled large language models (LLMs) to integrate external tools, enhancing their task performance by expanding their knowledge boundaries. However, relying on tools often introduces tradeoffs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zihan Wang , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Kai Yu