相关论文: PFD or PDF: Rethinking the Probability of Failure …

SIL (Safety Integrity Level) allocation plays a pivotal role in evaluating the significance of Safety Functions (SFs) within high-risk industries. The outcomes of a SIL allocation study determine the design specifications necessary to…

In line with the IEC 61508 functional safety standard, it is required to assess the safety integrity of a system due to random hardware failures. For a rarely used function (operating in a low demand mode), the measurement used is average…

Classical measures of structural reliability, such as the probability of failure and the related reliability index, are still widely applied in practice. However, these measures are frequency-based only, and they do not give information…

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) provides a rational and sound framework for finding the optimal design while taking uncertainties into ac-count. The main issue in implementing RBDO methods, particularly stochastic simu-lation…

According to the IEC 61508 functional safety standard, it is required to estimate the achieved safety integrity of the system due to random hardware failures. For a safety function operating in a low demand mode, this measure is the average…

Safety-critical infrastructures must operate in a safe and reliable way. Fault tree analysis is a widespread method used for risk assessment of these systems: fault trees (FTs) are required by, e.g., the Federal Aviation Administration and…

The development of safety validation methods is essential for the safe deployment and operation of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs). One of the goals of safety validation is to prospectively evaluate the risk of an ADS dealing with…

In many risk analyses the results are only given as mean values and often the input data are also mean values. However the required accuracy of the result is often an interval of values e. g. for the derivation of a Safety Integrity Level…

A set of general formulas is proposed for the probability of failure on demand (PFD) assessment of MooN architecture (i.e. k-out-of-n) systems subject to proof tests. The proof tests can be partial or full. The partial tests (e.g. visual…

The article derives some novel independence measures and contrast functions for Blind Source Separation (BSS) application. For the $k^{th}$ order differentiable multivariate functions with equal hyper-volumes (region bounded by…

The past few years have seen impressive progress in the development of deep generative models capable of producing high-dimensional, complex, and photo-realistic data. However, current methods for evaluating such models remain incomplete:…

A probability density function (PDF) of a spatially dependent field provides a means of calculating moments of the field or, equivalently, the proportion of a spatial domain that is mapped to a given set of values. This paper describes a…

SRAM-based FPGAs are increasingly popular in the aerospace industry due to their field programmability and low cost. However, they suffer from cosmic radiation induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs). In safety-critical applications, the…

Sensitivity analysis of a numerical model, for instance simulating physical phenomena, is useful to quantify the influence of the inputs on the model responses. This paper proposes a new sensitivity index, based upon the modification of the…

The likelihood calculation of a vast number of particles is the computational bottleneck for the particle filter in applications where the observation information is rich. For fast computing the likelihood of particles, a numerical fitting…

Classification models play a central role in data-driven decision-making applications such as medical diagnosis, recommendation systems, and risk assessment. Traditional performance metrics, such as accuracy and AUC, focus on overall error…

A probability density function (pdf) encodes the entire stochastic knowledge about data distribution, where data may represent stochastic observations in robotics, transition state pairs in reinforcement learning or any other empirically…

Reliability and fault tolerance are critical attributes of embedded cyber-physical systems that require a high safety-integrity level. For such systems, the use of formal functional safety specifications has been strongly advocated in most…

Nowadays, the increasing complexity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving (AD) means that the industry must move towards a scenario-based approach to validation rather than relying on established…

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized machine learning (ML) model training while preserving data privacy by keeping data localized across clients. However, non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data across clients…