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User authorization-based access privileges are a key feature in many safety-critical systems, but have not been extensively studied in the large language model (LLM) realm. In this work, drawing inspiration from such access control systems,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Soumadeep Saha , Akshay Chaturvedi , Joy Mahapatra , Utpal Garain

The existing safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is found fragile and could be easily attacked through different strategies, such as through fine-tuning on a few harmful examples or manipulating the prefix of the generation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Chak Tou Leong , Yi Cheng , Kaishuai Xu , Jian Wang , Hanlin Wang , Wenjie Li

Due to the remarkable capabilities and growing impact of large language models (LLMs), they have been deeply integrated into many aspects of society. Thus, ensuring their alignment with human values and intentions has emerged as a critical…

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises significant ethical and safety concerns. While LLM alignment techniques are adopted to improve model safety and trustworthiness, adversaries can exploit these techniques to undermine…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Yun Shen , Xinyue Shen , Wenbo Jiang , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Warning: This paper contains examples of harmful language, and reader discretion is recommended. The increasing open release of powerful large language models (LLMs) has facilitated the development of downstream applications by reducing the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Xianjun Yang , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhang , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

The alignment problem in Large Language Models (LLMs) involves adapting them to the broad spectrum of human values. This requirement challenges existing alignment methods due to diversity of preferences and regulatory standards. This paper…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Xinyu Lu , Bowen Yu , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Haiyang Yu , Le Sun , Xianpei Han , Yongbin Li

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is commonly implemented as a single static policy embedded in model parameters. However, real-world deployments often require context-dependent safety rules that vary across users, regions,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Jingyu Peng , Hongyu Chen , Jiancheng Dong , Maolin Wang , Wenxi Li , Yuchen Li , Kai Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are promising alternatives to autoregressive large language models (AR-LLMs), as they potentially allow higher inference throughput. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a crucial component for dLLMs to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Yuchen Zhu , Wei Guo , Jaemoo Choi , Petr Molodyk , Bo Yuan , Molei Tao , Yongxin Chen

Diffusion large language models (D-LLMs) offer an alternative to autoregressive LLMs (AR-LLMs) and have demonstrated advantages in generation efficiency. Beyond the utility benefits, we argue that D-LLMs exhibit a previously underexplored…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Zeyuan He , Yupeng Chen , Lang Lin , Yihan Wang , Shenxu Chang , Eric Sommerlade , Philip Torr , Junchi Yu , Adel Bibi , Jialin Yu

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

Ensuring the safety of language models (LMs) while maintaining their usefulness remains a critical challenge in AI alignment. Current approaches rely on sequential adversarial training: generating adversarial prompts and fine-tuning LMs to…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen widespread applications across numerous fields, their limited interpretability poses concerns regarding their safe operations from multiple aspects, e.g., truthfulness, robustness, and fairness.…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-04-15 Xuan Xie , Jiayang Song , Zhehua Zhou , Yuheng Huang , Da Song , Lei Ma

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) provide a promising alternative to autoregressive language models by generating text through iterative denoising and bidirectional refinement. However, this iterative generation paradigm also introduces…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Yejin Lee , Yo-Sub Han

Over the past two years, the use of large language models (LLMs) has advanced rapidly. While these LLMs offer considerable convenience, they also raise security concerns, as LLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks by some well-designed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Guang Lin , Toshihisa Tanaka , Qibin Zhao

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) enable agents to communicate and share information, achieving strong performance on complex tasks. However, this communication also creates an attack surface where malicious…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Lingxi Zhang , Guangtao Zheng , Hanjie Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), significantly enhancing their capabilities by integrating visual information and other types, thus aligning more closely with the nature of human…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Jing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

The robustness and security of large language models (LLMs) has become a prominent research area. One notable vulnerability is the ability to bypass LLM safeguards by translating harmful queries into rare or underrepresented languages, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Gengping Cui , Changhao Guan , Fengran Mo , Kaiyu Huang

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a major security concern as it can deceive LLMs to generate harmful text. Yet, there is still insufficient understanding of how jailbreaking works, which makes it hard to develop effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Lang Gao , Jiahui Geng , Xiangliang Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

Fine-tuning text-to-image diffusion models is widely used for personalization and adaptation for new domains. In this paper, we identify a critical vulnerability of fine-tuning: safety alignment methods designed to filter harmful content…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Sanghyun Kim , Moonseok Choi , Jinwoo Shin , Juho Lee