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We introduce ALaRM, the first framework modeling hierarchical rewards in reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), which is designed to enhance the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. The framework…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Yuhang Lai , Siyuan Wang , Shujun Liu , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

A safe and trustworthy use of Large Language Models (LLMs) requires an accurate expression of confidence in their answers. We propose a novel Reinforcement Learning approach that allows to directly fine-tune LLMs to express calibrated…

Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown exceptional capabilities in many natual language understanding and generation tasks. However, the personalization issue still remains a much-coveted property, especially when it comes to the multiple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Hongru Wang , Wenyu Huang , Yang Deng , Rui Wang , Zezhong Wang , Yufei Wang , Fei Mi , Jeff Z. Pan , Kam-Fai Wong

The ability of reinforcement learning algorithms to learn effective policies is determined by the rewards available during training. However, for practical problems, obtaining large quantities of reward labels is often infeasible due to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Shreyas Chaudhari , Renhao Zhang , Philip S. Thomas , Bruno Castro da Silva

Traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) for large language models (LLMs) relies on expensive human-annotated datasets, while Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) also incurs significant costs, requiring the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Shangjian Yin , Zhepei Wei , Xinyu Zhu , Wei-Lin Chen , Yu Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with generating reliable outputs due to outdated knowledge and hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models address this by enhancing LLMs with external knowledge, but often fail to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled automated generation of structured layouts from natural language descriptions. Existing methods typically follow a code-only paradigm that generates code to represent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Junrong Guo , Shancheng Fang , Yadong Qu , Hongtao Xie

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) adapts a trained model to specific downstream tasks, significantly improving task-specific performance. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is a common approach, where an LLM is trained to produce desired…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-03 Qianxi Li , Yingyue Cao , Jikun Kang , Tianpei Yang , Xi Chen , Jun Jin , Matthew E. Taylor

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language generation. However, their output quality can be inconsistent, posing challenges for generating natural language from logical forms (LFs). This task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-22 Levon Haroutunian , Zhuang Li , Lucian Galescu , Philip Cohen , Raj Tumuluri , Gholamreza Haffari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they face inherent limitations such as constrained parametric knowledge and high retraining costs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments the…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Leqian Li , Dianxi Shi , Jialu Zhou , Xinyu Wei , Mingyue Yang , Songchang Jin , Shaowu Yang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a variant of reinforcement learning (RL) that learns from human feedback instead of relying on an engineered reward function. Building on prior work on the related setting of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Timo Kaufmann , Paul Weng , Viktor Bengs , Eyke Hüllermeier

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has greatly improved the performance of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The RLHF process is resource-intensive and technically challenging, generally requiring a large collection of…

While Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, it typically assumes homogeneous preferences across users, overlooking diverse human values and minority…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Yinhong Liu , Ahmet Üstün , Nigel Collier

As large language models (LLMs) evolve, their ability to deliver personalized and context-aware responses offers transformative potential for improving user experiences. Existing personalization approaches, however, often rely solely on…

Self-Rewarding Language Models propose an architecture in which the Large Language Models(LLMs) both generates responses and evaluates its own outputs via LLM-as-a-Judge prompting, dynamically improving its generative capabilities through…

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Peng He , Hang Li , Haoyu Han , Kaiqi Yang , Yu Xue , Tingting Li , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown versatility in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including their potential as effective question-answering systems. However, to provide precise and relevant information in response to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-09 Sriram Veturi , Saurabh Vaichal , Reshma Lal Jagadheesh , Nafis Irtiza Tripto , Nian Yan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a standard framework for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, combining large language models (LLMs) with document retrieval from external corpora. Despite its widespread use, most RAG pipelines…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Mandeep Rathee , V Venktesh , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Many recent advances in natural language generation have been fueled by training large language models on internet-scale data. However, this paradigm can lead to models that generate toxic, inaccurate, and unhelpful content, and automatic…

Reward factorization personalizes large language models (LLMs) by decomposing rewards into shared basis functions and user-specific weights. Yet, existing methods estimate user weights from scarce data in isolation and as deterministic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Gyuseok Lee , Wonbin Kweon , Zhenrui Yue , SeongKu Kang , Jiawei Han , Dong Wang