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Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning tasks, yet ensuring their safety remains a critical challenge. Recent input-side defenses detect unsafe images with CLIP and prepend safety…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Junfeng Fang , Shuo Wang , Yin Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a new and emerging technology that extends the functionality of large language models, improving workflows but also exposing users to a new attack surface. Several studies have highlighted related…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Tobias Mattsson , Samuel Nyberg , Anton Borg , Ricardo Britto

The current safeguard mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) are indeed susceptible to jailbreak attacks, making them inherently fragile. Even the process of fine-tuning on apparently benign data for downstream tasks can jeopardize…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Xin Yi , Shunfan Zheng , Linlin Wang , Xiaoling Wang , Liang He

Continual fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly crucial as these models are deployed in dynamic environments where tasks and data distributions evolve over time. While strong adaptability enables rapid…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Yiyang Lu , Yu He , Jianlong Chen , Hongyuan Zha

Safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) is achieved through fine-tuning mechanisms that regulate neuron activations to suppress harmful content. In this work, we propose a novel approach to induce disalignment by identifying and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Yi Zhou , Wenpeng Xing , Dezhang Kong , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Large language models(LLMs) are increasingly integrated with external systems through the Model Context Protocol(MCP),which standardizes tool invocation and has rapidly become a backbone for LLM-powered applications. While this paradigm…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Shuli Zhao , Qinsheng Hou , Zihan Zhan , Yanhao Wang , Yuchong Xie , Yu Guo , Libo Chen , Shenghong Li , Zhi Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on safety alignment to produce socially acceptable responses. However, this behavior is known to be brittle: further fine-tuning, even on benign or lightly contaminated data, can degrade safety and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Kaustubh Ponkshe , Shaan Shah , Raghav Singhal , Praneeth Vepakomma

In the deployment of large language models (LLMs), accurate confidence estimation is critical for assessing the credibility of model predictions. However, existing methods often fail to overcome the issue of overconfidence on incorrect…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Pei Wang , Yejie Wang , Muxi Diao , Keqing He , Guanting Dong , Weiran Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools but pose significant safety risks through harmful outputs and vulnerability to adversarial attacks. We propose SaP, short for Safety Polytope, a geometric approach to LLM safety…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Xin Chen , Yarden As , Andreas Krause

Finetuning large language models (LLMs) enables user-specific customization but introduces critical safety risks: even a few harmful examples can compromise safety alignment. A common mitigation strategy is to update the model more strongly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 ShengYun Peng , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianfeng Chi , Seongmin Lee , Duen Horng Chau

Safety for Large Language Models (LLMs) has been an ongoing research focus since their emergence and is even more relevant nowadays with the increasing capacity of those models. Currently, there are several guardrails in place for all…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Eduard Stefan Dinuta , Iustin Sirbu , Traian Rebedea

Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on static, pre-deployment safety mechanisms that cannot adapt to adversarial threats discovered after release. Objective: To design a software architecture enabling LLM-based systems to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Tyler Slater

Recent paradigms in Random Projection Layer (RPL)-based continual representation learning have demonstrated superior performance when building upon a pre-trained model (PTM). These methods insert a randomly initialized RPL after a PTM to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Ruilin Li , Heming Zou , Xiufeng Yan , Zheming Liang , Jie Yang , Chenliang Li , Xue Yang

Software security vulnerabilities allow attackers to perform malicious activities to disrupt software operations. Recent Transformer-based language models have significantly advanced vulnerability detection, surpassing the capabilities of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Haoye Tian , He Ye , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) pose unique safety challenges due to their integration of visual and textual data, thereby introducing new dimensions of potential attacks and complex risk combinations. In this paper, we begin with…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning abilities. However, they are also more vulnerable to jailbreak attacks than their LLM predecessors. Although still capable of detecting the unsafe responses, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs are typically safety-aligned before release to prevent harmful content generation. However, recent studies show that safety behaviors are concentrated in a small subset of parameters, making…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Zhaoxin Wang , Jiaming Liang , Fengbin Zhu , Weixiang Zhao , Junfeng Fang , Jiayi Ji , Handing Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their adoption across a wide range of tasks, ranging from code generation to machine translation and sentiment analysis, etc. Red teaming/Safety alignment efforts show that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Essa Jan , Nouar AlDahoul , Moiz Ali , Faizan Ahmad , Fareed Zaffar , Yasir Zaki

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) across linguistic communities necessitates reliable multilingual safety alignment. However, recent efforts to extend alignment to other languages often require substantial resources,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Yuyan Bu , Xiaohao Liu , ZhaoXing Ren , Yaodong Yang , Juntao Dai

Instruction fine-tuning has emerged as a critical technique for customizing Large Language Models (LLMs) to specific applications. However, recent studies have highlighted significant security vulnerabilities in fine-tuned LLMs. Existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Jiawei Cao , Ming Ma , Danyang Zhao , Shuren Qi , Fenglei Fan , Ting Liu , Bing Qin