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Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with external tools have demonstrated enhanced performance on complex reasoning tasks. The widespread adoption of this tool-augmented reasoning is hindered by the scarcity of domain-specific tools. For…

Small language models (SLMs) enable low-cost, private, on-device inference, but they often fail on problems that require specialized domain knowledge or multi-step reasoning. Existing approaches for improving reasoning either rely on scale…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Kenan Alkiek , David Jurgens , Vinod Vydiswaran

Today, large language models (LLMs) are taught to use new tools by providing a few demonstrations of the tool's usage. Unfortunately, demonstrations are hard to acquire, and can result in undesirable biased usage if the wrong demonstration…

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extending the capability of LLMs. Although some works employ open-source LLMs for the tool learning task, most of them are trained in a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Shen Gao , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Bowen Fang , Xin Xin , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Jun Ma , Zhaochun Ren

The ability to wield tools was once considered exclusive to human intelligence, but it's now known that many other animals, like crows, possess this capability. Yet, robotic systems still fall short of matching biological dexterity. In this…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Hoi-Yin Lee , Peng Zhou , Anqing Duan , Wanyu Ma , Chenguang Yang , David Navarro-Alarcon

Existing evaluations of tool learning primarily focus on validating the alignment of selected tools for large language models (LLMs) with expected outcomes. However, these approaches rely on a limited set of scenarios where answers can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Junjie Ye , Guanyu Li , Songyang Gao , Caishuang Huang , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Xiaoran Fan , Shihan Dou , Tao Ji , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

The rapid development of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has significantly advanced multimodal understanding by harnessing the language abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and integrating modality-specific encoders. However, LMMs are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Anirudh Phukan , Divyansh , Harshit Kumar Morj , Vaishnavi , Apoorv Saxena , Koustava Goswami

Visual transfer learning for unseen categories presents an active research topic yet a challenging task, due to the inherent conflict between preserving category-specific representations and acquiring transferable knowledge. Vision-Language…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Xiao Shi , Yangjun Ou , Zhenzhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) create exciting possibilities for powerful language processing tools to accelerate research in materials science. While LLMs have great potential to accelerate materials understanding and discovery, they…

材料科学 · 物理学 2024-09-26 Santiago Miret , N M Anoop Krishnan

Multimodal Recommender Systems aim to improve recommendation accuracy by integrating heterogeneous content, such as images and textual metadata. While effective, it remains unclear whether their gains stem from true multimodal understanding…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Claudio Pomo , Matteo Attimonelli , Danilo Danese , Fedelucio Narducci , Tommaso Di Noia

Through the integration of external tools, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o and Llama 3.1 significantly expand their functional capabilities, evolving from elementary conversational agents to general-purpose assistants. We argue…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Zhenchao Jin , Mengchen Liu , Dongdong Chen , Lingting Zhu , Yunsheng Li , Lequan Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Large Multimodal Model (LMM) is a hot research topic in the computer vision area and has also demonstrated remarkable potential across multiple disciplinary fields. A recent trend is to further extend and enhance the perception capabilities…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Yang Jiao , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In modern e-commerce search systems, dense retrieval has become an indispensable component. By computing similarities between query and item (product) embeddings, it efficiently selects candidate products from large-scale repositories. With…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Jianting Tang , Dongshuai Li , Tao Wen , Fuyu Lv , Dan Ou , Linli Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in utilizing external tools. In practice, however, LLMs are often exposed to tools that are irrelevant to the user's query, in which case the desired behavior is to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yilong Liu , Xixun Lin , Pengfei Cao , Ge Zhang , Fang Fang , Yanan Cao

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have led to significant progress in understanding, generation, and retrieval tasks. However, current solutions often treat these tasks in isolation or require training LLMs from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Teng Xiao , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang

This work presents a novel systematic methodology to analyse the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) with feedback from a formal inference engine, on logic theory induction. The analysis is complexity-graded w.r.t.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 João Pedro Gandarela , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Integrating external tools enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to interact with real-world environments and solve complex tasks. Given the growing scale of available tools, effective tool retrieval is essential to mitigate constraints of…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Yichen Tang , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Dense retrieval calls for discriminative embeddings to represent the semantic relationship between query and document. It may benefit from the using of large language models (LLMs), given LLMs' strong capability on semantic understanding.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian

Calculating semantic textual similarity is a foundational task in natural language processing. Current large language models (LLMs) based methods typically rely on extracting last-layer hidden states with fixed dimensions to compute…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Kaijie Zheng , Weiqin Wang , Yile Wang , Hui Huang