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Sharding is a promising technique for addressing the scalability issues of blockchain, and this technique is especially important for IoT, edge, or mobile computing. It divides the $n$ participating nodes into $s$ disjoint groups called…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-01-20 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Miroslav Popovic

In blockchain sharding, $n$ processing nodes are divided into $s$ shards, and each shard processes transactions in parallel. A key challenge in such a system is to ensure system stability for any ``tractable'' pattern of generated…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

Sharding is used to improve the scalability and performance of blockchain systems. We investigate the stability of blockchain sharding, where transactions are continuously generated by an adversarial model. The system consists of $n$…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch , Dariusz R. Kowalski

Sharding has shown great potential to scale out blockchains. It divides nodes into smaller groups which allow for partial transaction processing, relaying and storage. Hence, instead of running one blockchain, we will run multiple…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Pourya Soltani , Farid Ashtiani

Blockchain is an incrementally updated ledger maintained by distributed nodes rather than centralized organizations. The current blockchain technology faces scalability issues, which include two aspects: low transaction throughput and high…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-11-02 Xiangyu Wang , Ting Yang , Yu Wang

The scalability problem has been one of the most significant barriers limiting the adoption of blockchains. Blockchain sharding is a promising approach to this problem. However, the sharding mechanism introduces a significant number of…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2022-12-23 Yuanzhe Zhang , Shirui Pan , Jiangshan Yu

Blockchain technology, while revolutionary in enabling decentralized transactions, faces scalability challenges as the ledger must be replicated across all nodes of the chain, limiting throughput and efficiency. Sharding, which divides the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-05-09 Björn Assmann , Samuel J. Burri

Sharding is used to address the performance and scalability issues of the blockchain protocols, which divides the overall transaction processing costs among multiple clusters of nodes. Shards require less storage capacity and communication…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-03-31 Ramesh Adhikari , Costas Busch

A major challenge in blockchain sharding protocols is that more than 95% transactions are cross-shard. Not only those cross-shard transactions degrade the system throughput but also double the confirmation time, and exhaust an already…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Lan N. Nguyen , Truc Nguyen , Thang N. Dinh , My T. Thai

Public blockchains are decentralized networks where each participating node executes the same decision-making process. This form of decentralization does not scale well because the same data are stored on each network node, and because all…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-06-30 M. Toulouse , H. K. Dai , Q. L. Nguyen

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by partitioning nodes into multiple groups for concurrent transaction processing. Configuring a large number of small shards usually helps improve transaction concurrency, but it also increases the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Jin Zhang

A promising way to overcome the scalability limitations of the current blockchain is to use sharding, which is to split the transaction processing among multiple, smaller groups of nodes. A well-performed blockchain sharding system requires…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Wei Wang , Jin Zhang

Distributed ledger technology such as blockchain is considered essential for supporting large numbers of micro-transactions in the Machine Economy, which is envisioned to involve billions of connected heterogeneous and decentralized…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Christoffer Fink , Olov Schelén , Ulf Bodin

Existing blockchain systems scale poorly because of their distributed consensus protocols. Current attempts at improving blockchain scalability are limited to cryptocurrency. Scaling blockchain systems under general workloads (i.e.,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2019-03-13 Hung Dang , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Dumitrel Loghin , Ee-Chien Chang , Qian Lin , Beng Chin Ooi

The main problem faced by smart contract platforms is the amount of time and computational power required to reach consensus. In a classical blockchain model, each operation is in fact performed by each node, both to update the status and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-11-11 Alessio Meneghetti , Tommaso Parise , Massimiliano Sala , Daniele Taufer

Scalability is one of the main roadblocks to business adoption of blockchain systems. Despite recent intensive research on using sharding techniques to enhance the scalability of blockchain systems, existing solutions do not efficiently…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2020-02-18 Mohammad Javad Amiri , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

Sharding has emerged as a key technique to address blockchain scalability by partitioning the ledger into multiple shards that process transactions in parallel. Although this approach improves throughput, static or heuristic shard…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 M. Zeeshan Haider , Tayyaba Noreen , M. D. Assuncao , Kaiwen Zhang

We propose Shard Scheduler, a system for object placement and migration in account-based sharded blockchains. Our system calculates optimal placement and decides of object migrations across shards and supports complex multi-account…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-07-16 Michał Król , Onur Ascigil , Sergi Rene , Alberto Sonnino , Mustafa Al-Bassam , Etienne Rivière

Blockchain sharding has emerged as a promising solution to the scalability challenges in traditional blockchain systems by partitioning the network into smaller, manageable subsets called shards. Despite its potential, existing sharding…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Ao Liu , Jing Chen , Kun He , Ruiying Du , Jiahua Xu , Cong Wu , Yebo Feng , Teng Li , Jianfeng Ma

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-01 Yizhong Liu , Jianwei Liu , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Zongyang Zhang , Tong Li , Bin Hu , Fritz Henglein , Rongxing Lu
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