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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for solving complex reasoning tasks in domains such as mathematics, logic, and multi-step question answering. A growing line of work seeks to improve reasoning quality by scaling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Seyyed Saeid Cheshmi , Azal Ahmad Khan , Xinran Wang , Zirui Liu , Ali Anwar

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved performance on the Text-to-SQL task by leveraging their powerful reasoning capabilities. To enhance accuracy during the reasoning process, external Process Reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Yuxin Zhang , Meihao Fan , Ju Fan , Mingyang Yi , Yuyu Luo , Jian Tan , Guoliang Li

Code generation is a core application of large language models (LLMs), yet LLMs still frequently fail on complex programming tasks. Given its success in mathematical reasoning, test-time scaling approaches such as Process Reward Model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Ruiyi Zhang , Peijia Qin , Qi Cao , Eric Xue , Pengtao Xie

Process rewards have been widely used in deep reinforcement learning to improve training efficiency, reduce variance, and prevent reward hacking. In LLM reasoning, existing works also explore various solutions for learning effective process…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Xian Wu , Kaijie Zhu , Ying Zhang , Lun Wang , Wenbo Guo

Video reasoning using Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) relies on costly reinforcement learning (RL) and verbose chain-of-thought, resulting in substantial computational overhead during both training and inference. Moreover, the mechanisms…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Deepak Sridhar , Kartikeya Bhardwaj , Jeya Pradha Jeyaraj , Nuno Vasconcelos , Ankita Nayak , Harris Teague

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising approach for improving LLM reasoning capabilities by providing process supervision over reasoning traces. However, existing approaches for constructing PRM training data remain costly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Ryo Kamoi , Yusen Zhang , Nan Zhang , Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das , Ranran Haoran Zhang , Wenpeng Yin , Rui Zhang

Reward models have been increasingly critical for improving the reasoning capability of LLMs. Existing research has shown that a well-trained reward model can substantially improve model performances at inference time via search. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Jiaxuan Gao , Shusheng Xu , Wenjie Ye , Weilin Liu , Chuyi He , Wei Fu , Zhiyu Mei , Guangju Wang , Yi Wu

Process Reward Models (PRMs) aim to improve multi-step reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) by supervising intermediate steps and identifying errors. However, building effective PRMs remains challenging due to the lack of scalable,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Yao Zhang , Yu Wu , Haowei Zhang , Weiguo Li , Haokun Chen , Jingpei Wu , Guohao Li , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Process supervision, i.e., evaluating each step, is critical for complex large language model (LLM) reasoning and test-time searching with increased inference compute. Existing approaches, represented by process reward models (PRMs),…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Wenxiang Chen , Wei He , Zhiheng Xi , Honglin Guo , Boyang Hong , Jiazheng Zhang , Rui Zheng , Nijun Li , Tao Gui , Yun Li , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Reward modeling is essential for aligning large language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning. To provide accurate reward signals, a reward model (RM) should stimulate deep thinking and conduct interpretable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Xiusi Chen , Gaotang Li , Ziqi Wang , Bowen Jin , Cheng Qian , Yu Wang , Hongru Wang , Yu Zhang , Denghui Zhang , Tong Zhang , Hanghang Tong , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in many reasoning benchmarks. However, recent studies have pointed to memorization, rather than generalization, as one of the leading causes for such performance. LLMs, in fact, are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Akhter , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large Language Models (LLMs) consistently benefit from scaled Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but also suffer from heavy computational overhead. To address this issue, efficient reasoning aims to incentivize short yet accurate thinking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Taiqiang Wu , Zenan Xu , Bo Zhou , Ngai Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on complex reasoning tasks, with reinforcement learning under verifiable rewards (RLVR) emerging as a principled framework for aligning model behavior with reasoning chains.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Yunjian Zhang , Sudong Wang , Yang Li , Peiran Xu , Conghao Zhou , Xiaoyue Ma , Jianing Li , Yao Zhu

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Many studies focus on data annotation techniques for training effective PRMs. However, current methods encounter a significant issue when applied to long CoT reasoning processes: they tend to focus solely on the first incorrect step and all…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Zhaohui Yang , Chenghua He , Xiaowen Shi , Linjing Li , Qiyue Yin , Shihong Deng , Daxin Jiang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) fine-tuned on specialized visual instruction-following data have exhibited impressive language reasoning capabilities across various scenarios. However, this fine-tuning paradigm may not be able to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Yuexiang Zhai , Hao Bai , Zipeng Lin , Jiayi Pan , Shengbang Tong , Yifei Zhou , Alane Suhr , Saining Xie , Yann LeCun , Yi Ma , Sergey Levine

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination, especially during multi-hop and reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematical problem solving. While Outcome Reward Models verify only final answers, Process Reward Models (PRMs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Tej Deep Pala , Panshul Sharma , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Soujanya Poria

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have recently emerged as a powerful framework for supervising intermediate reasoning steps in large language models (LLMs). Previous PRMs are primarily trained on model final output responses and struggle to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Jiaru Zou , Ling Yang , Jingwen Gu , Jiahao Qiu , Ke Shen , Jingrui He , Mengdi Wang