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Accurate diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors, starting with histopathology, presents unique challenges for deep learning, including severe data scarcity, class imbalance, and fine-grained morphologic overlap across diagnostically distinct…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Joakim Nguyen , Jian Yu , Jinrui Fang , Nicholas Konz , Tianlong Chen , Sanjay Krishnan , Chandra Krishnan , Ying Ding , Hairong Wang , Ankita Shukla

Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) is pivotal for analyzing complex, weakly labeled datasets, such as whole-slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology, where bags comprise unordered collections of instances with sparse diagnostic relevance.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Yuedi Zhang , Zhixiang Xia , Guosheng Yin , Bin Liu

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown significant promise in histopathology whole slide image (WSI) analysis for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the inherent spatial heterogeneity of WSIs presents critical challenges, as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Junjian Li , Jin Liu , Hulin Kuang , Hailin Yue , Mengshen He , Jianxin Wang

The whole slide image (WSI) classification is often formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem. Since the positive tissue is only a small fraction of the gigapixel WSI, existing MIL methods intuitively focus on identifying…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Xiaoxian Zhang , Fengtao Zhou , Yi Zhang , Bo Liu

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to recognize new classes incrementally while maintaining the discriminability of old classes. Most existing CIL methods are exemplar-based, i.e., storing a part of old data for retraining. Without…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Fei Zhu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Zhen Cheng , Cheng-Lin Liu

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has very significant applications in clinical pathology, e.g., tumor identification and cancer diagnosis. Currently, most research attention is focused on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) using static…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Jiaxiang Gou , Luping Ji , Pei Liu , Mao Ye

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), a powerful strategy for weakly supervised learning, is able to perform various prediction tasks on gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs). However, the tens of thousands of patches in WSIs usually incur a vast…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-14 Zhuchen Shao , Liuxi Dai , Yifeng Wang , Haoqian Wang , Yongbing Zhang

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis in digital pathology presents unique challenges due to the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of dense supervision signals. While Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a natural fit for slide-level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Sofiène Boutaj , Marin Scalbert , Pierre Marza , Florent Couzinie-Devy , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Histopathology image analysis serves as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. In this regard, whole-slide imaging (WSI), a revolutionary technology in digital pathology,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-04-21 Baichen Yu , Xuetong Li , Jing Zhou , Hansheng Wang

Learning representations that transfer well to diverse downstream tasks remains a central challenge in representation learning. Existing paradigms -- contrastive learning, self-supervised masking, and denoising auto-encoders -- balance this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Micha Livne

In the application of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, attention mechanisms often focus on a subset of discriminative instances, which are closely linked to overfitting. To mitigate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Supervised deep learning relies on the assumption that enough training data is available, which presents a problem for its application to several fields, like medical imaging. On the example of a binary image classification task (breast…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-02-22 Lukas Jendele , Ondrej Skopek , Anton S. Becker , Ender Konukoglu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has been widely applied in histopathology to classify Whole Slide Images (WSIs) with slide-level diagnoses. While the ground truth is established by expert pathologists, the slides can be difficult to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Marie Arrivat , Rémy Peyret , Elsa Angelini , Pietro Gori

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of objects (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In this setting, supervised learning cannot be applied directly. Often, specialized MIL…

机器学习 · 统计学 2014-12-04 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

Convolutional neural networks can be trained to perform histology slide classification using weak annotations with multiple instance learning (MIL). However, given the paucity of labeled histology data, direct application of MIL can easily…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-11-05 Ming Y. Lu , Richard J. Chen , Jingwen Wang , Debora Dillon , Faisal Mahmood

Due to the advantages of leveraging unlabeled data and learning meaningful representations, semi-supervised learning and contrastive learning have been progressively combined to achieve better performances in popular applications with few…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-27 Bowen Tao , Lan Li , Xin-Chun Li , De-Chuan Zhan

Histopathology image analysis plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis. However, training a clinically applicable segmentation algorithm requires pathologists to engage in labour-intensive labelling. In contrast, weakly supervised learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Gang Xu , Shuhao Wang , Lingyu Zhao , Xiao Chen , Tongwei Wang , Lang Wang , Zhenwei Luo , Dahan Wang , Zewen Zhang , Aijun Liu , Wei Ba , Zhigang Song , Huaiyin Shi , Dingrong Zhong , Jianpeng Ma

Self-supervised learning algorithms (SSL) based on instance discrimination have shown promising results, performing competitively or even outperforming supervised learning counterparts in some downstream tasks. Such approaches employ data…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Mohammad Alkhalefi , Georgios Leontidis , Mingjun Zhong

Due to its superior efficiency in utilizing annotations and addressing gigapixel-sized images, multiple instance learning (MIL) has shown great promise as a framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification in digital pathology…

定量方法 · 定量生物学 2023-07-14 Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Jin Xu , Junru Cheng , Tian Guan , Yonghong He

Advances in medical imaging and deep learning have propelled progress in whole slide image (WSI) analysis, with multiple instance learning (MIL) showing promise for efficient and accurate diagnostics. However, conventional MIL models often…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Xianrui Li , Yufei Cui , Jun Li , Antoni B. Chan