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Although Aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained to refuse harmful requests, they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Unfortunately, existing methods often focus on surface-level patterns, overlooking the deeper attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Shiyu Xiang , Ansen Zhang , Yanfei Cao , Yang Fan , Ronghao Chen

The safety and reliability of vision-language models (VLMs) are a crucial part of deploying trustworthy agentic AI systems. However, VLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that undermine their safety alignment to yield harmful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Ye Wang , Jing Liu , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

The black-box adversarial attack has attracted impressive attention for its practical use in the field of deep learning security. Meanwhile, it is very challenging as there is no access to the network architecture or internal weights of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-26 Yifeng Xiong , Jiadong Lin , Min Zhang , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

The field of adversarial robustness has long established that adversarial examples can successfully transfer between image classifiers and that text jailbreaks can successfully transfer between language models (LMs). However, a pair of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Isha Gupta , Rylan Schaeffer , Joshua Kazdan , Ken Ziyu Liu , Sanmi Koyejo

In Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN), researchers typically take an image encoder pre-trained on ImageNet without fine-tuning on the environments that the agent will be trained or tested on. However, the distribution shift between the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Chia-Wen Kuo , Chih-Yao Ma , Judy Hoffman , Zsolt Kira

Content Warning: This paper may contain unsafe or harmful content generated by LLMs that may be offensive to readers. Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly serve as tooling platforms through structured output APIs, but the…

Large Language Model (LLM) alignment remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit unsafe responses, motivating pre-model and post-model guards. Pre-model guards audit the safety of prompts before invoking target models. However,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Hongyu Cai , Arjun Arunasalam , Yiming Liang , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) rely on attention-based retrieval of safety instructions to maintain alignment during generation. Existing attacks typically optimize image perturbations to maximize harmful output likelihood, but suffer…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Jingru Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu

Deploying vision-language models (VLMs) in clinical settings demands auditable behavior under realistic failure conditions, yet the failure landscape of frontier VLMs on specialized medical inputs is poorly characterized. We audit five…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Xupeng Chen , Binbin Shi , Chenqian Le , Qifu Yin , Lang Lin , Haowei Ni , Ran Gong , Panfeng Li

Jailbreaking large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical security challenge with the widespread deployment of conversational AI systems. Adversarial users exploit these models through carefully crafted prompts to elicit…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to generate harmful outputs. Examining jailbreak prompts helps uncover the shortcomings of LLMs. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Weixiong Zheng , Peijian Zeng , Yiwei Li , Hongyan Wu , Nankai Lin , Junhao Chen , Aimin Yang , Yongmei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However, they remain exposed to jailbreak attacks, eliciting harmful responses. The nested scenario strategy has been increasingly adopted across…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ning Xu , Bo Gao , Hui Dou

Vision Language Models (VLMs) can produce unintended and harmful content when exposed to adversarial attacks, particularly because their vision capabilities create new vulnerabilities. Existing defenses, such as input preprocessing,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Han Wang , Gang Wang , Huan Zhang

Current Visual-Language Pre-training (VLP) models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. These adversarial examples present substantial security risks to VLP models, as they can leverage inherent weaknesses in the models, resulting in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-11 Bangyan He , Xiaojun Jia , Siyuan Liang , Tianrui Lou , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao

As deep learning advances, Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have shown exceptional performance in many real-world tasks. However, MLLMs face significant security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Fenghua Weng , Yue Xu , Chengyan Fu , Wenjie Wang

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, raising concerns about their security. While jailbreak attacks highlight failures under overtly harmful queries, they overlook a critical risk: incorrectly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Yukai Zhou , Sibei Yang , Wenjie Wang

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) often creates a systematic discrepancy between a model's aligned output and the underlying pre-aligned data distribution. We propose a framework in which the effect of safety alignment on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Yuxuan Lu , Yongkang Guo , Yuqing Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popular, powering a wide range of applications. Their widespread use has sparked concerns, especially through jailbreak attacks that bypass safety measures to produce harmful content. In this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Zhengchun Shang , Wenlan Wei , Weiheng Bai